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31.
This paper provides a brief overview of Rest's (1983) conception of the important processes that contribute to effective moral decision making, summarizes efforts to design and assess moral education programs based on Rest's Four-Component Model, and describes new directions in the assessment of moral judgment development that are specifically directed toward professional ethics education. Based on preliminary studies, we recommend that, in addition to measuring each of the processes in Rest's model, educators design profession-specific measures of moral concepts that better reflect the content of professional ethics education. Labeled intermediate concepts measures, these assessments attend to concepts that are more specific than the abstract moral schemas tested by Kohlbergian measures of moral judgment and more general than concrete codes of professional ethics. 相似文献
32.
This study proposed to determine the policy of a single university department concerning admissions to the doctoral program. A Q-sort technique was used with several attributes of each graduate listed on an index card. The twelve members of the graduate faculty rated each graduate by placing a profile into one of seven piles. The number in each pile was fixed. Each rater’s policy was captured by using multiple linear regression. With the use of the Judgment Analysis technique (JAN), the raters were placed into appropriate clusters, and it was found that at least two separate judgment systems were present. 相似文献
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A Neo-Kohlbergian Approach: The DIT and Schema Theory 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
James Rest Darcia Narvaez Muriel Bebeau Stephen Thoma 《Educational Psychology Review》1999,11(4):291-324
Macromorality concerns the formal structure of society, as defined by institutions, rules, and roles. Micromorality concerns the particular face-to-face relations that people have in everyday life. Kohlbergian theories are most useful for issues of macromorality. The Defining Issues Test (DIT) derives from Kohlberg's approach but makes several departures, including defining cognitive structures in terms of schemas instead of stages, reformulating the definition of postconventional moral thinking, and using different research strategies. The validity of the DIT is based on seven criteria (briefly discussed), and hundreds of studies have produced significant trends. Recent research derived from schema theory produces novel phenomena that link our theory of moral schemas more closely with information processing and decision making. 相似文献
35.
The subject of this research is the impact of student characteristics, curriculum, and contextual factors on the careers of students in university education in The Netherlands. A theoretical model including various measurements of these factors was evaluated by means of linear structural equation modelling. Students in the ‘prestatiebeurs’ (performance scholarship) system, which requires a shorter nominal duration of a given study programme, achieve better results compared to those in the ‘tempobeurs’ system, which allows more study time. Women make better progress in their studies than men do. Students in technical education obtain fewer study points than others, even though they spend more time studying and have earned better grades in secondary school. In general, paid work during higher education has a negative effect on study progress, while the amount of time spent studying has a stronger influence on the study progress of men than of women. 相似文献
36.
Muriel E. Scott Alana R. Elia Annis G. Golden 《Journal of Applied Communication Research》2013,41(4):450-467
Providing free HIV screening within public housing sites offers the potential for increased participation of at-risk populations. Residential-based screening, however, raises concerns about privacy because of the stigma attached to HIV/AIDS and even to the testing for HIV. This study examined the effectiveness of offering HIV screening within a public housing high-rise in upstate New York. Through interviews with both women who obtained testing and those who did not, this study explored the tension between convenience and privacy concerns. The findings suggest that offering HIV screening where people live could encourage participation in the screenings, as well as lead to a destigmatization of HIV testing over time. Some women chose to eschew the convenience of on-site testing in favor of a more private venue for screening, whereas some women responded positively to the accessibility of on-site testing, using communicative strategies to manage privacy concerns. 相似文献
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Isabelle Girault Cedric d’Ham Muriel Ney Eric Sanchez Claire Wajeman 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(6):825-854
Many studies have stressed students’ lack of understanding of experiments in laboratories. Some researchers suggest that if students design all or parts of entire experiment, as part of an inquiry-based approach, it would overcome certain difficulties. It requires that a procedure be written for experimental design. The aim of this paper is to describe the characteristics of a procedure in science laboratories, in an educational context. As a starting point, this paper proposes a model in the form of a hierarchical task diagram that gives the general structure of any procedure. This model allows both the analysis of existing procedures and the design of a new inquiry-based approach. The obtained characteristics are further organized into criteria that can help both teachers and students assess a procedure during and after its writing. These results are obtained through two different sets of data. First, the characteristics of procedures are established by analysing laboratory manuals. This allows the organization and type of information in procedures to be defined. This analysis reveals that students are seldom asked to write a full procedure, but sometimes have to specify tasks within a procedure. Secondly, iterative interviews are undertaken with teachers. This leads to the list of criteria to evaluate the procedure. 相似文献
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Home health aides are often low-paid, low-status workers, performing their job in an isolated and interpersonally complex environment. This study, made up of semistructured interviews with 36 home health aides, explores compliance-gaining challenges faced by “low status, remote workers.” It was found that altercasting, a compliance-gaining technique using social roles to govern behavior, is well suited for the home care context. Aides were found to activate four altercast roles, including parent, trainer, employee, and friend. It is suggested that by using positive altercasting as a compliance-gaining technique, aides are able to both persuade their client to complete necessary tasks of daily living at the same time they construct and maintain the moral identity of a good caregiver. 相似文献
40.
As low income societies experience rapid aging of their populations, they face major challenges in developing educational policies to prepare their workforce for the future. We review modest efforts undertaken to assist colleagues in three societies: Mexico, China, and Jamaica. Graduate education in gerontology has an important opportunity to expand research, training, and service-learning programs in global aging. 相似文献