抗战文学功能的美学思考

文学在抗战时期顺应历史潮流,宣传抗战促使抗战达到全面动员;这同时也促使了文学与当时的社会现实全面而整体的结合,走向现实主义,实现了抗战文学建国与建立新文艺的双重目标。由此,文学与抗战的结合充分显示了文学在抗战时期的作用和功能,展示了文学在特殊历史时期的特殊作用,同时,也为文学开拓了一个崭新的审美表现空间,使文学呈现出不同的文化特征和审美追求。     

从《儒林外史》看吴敬梓对治学与治生问题的思考

《儒林外史》是一部表现封建文人生活状态和精神状态的长篇小说。这部作品通过对三大类知识分子形象的描述,展现了其所在时代知识分子的治学和治生追求,显示出作者在新的历史时期中对知识分子命运和追求的冷峻思索,回答了治学和治生的关系问题,并为知识分子指出了一条崭新的人生发展道路。     

行动的本质特征与心理的因果性

行动是人所独有的运动方式，是人的特殊本质之一。关于行动的分析、解释以及与之相联系的心理因果性问题是当代西方心灵哲学研究的重要领域。本文从分析行动的本质特征入手，探讨了围绕行动的解释、心理因果性及其可能性根据、心理内容的因果性等所展开的阐释、争论及其意义。     

中美陪审制度比较研究－－兼驳“陪审团移植论”

陪审制度在美国的运作是成功的，而在我国的司法实践中陪审制度运作的实效却是甚微的，这导致部分学提出在我国陪审制度的改革中必须勇于移植美国的陪审团制度。由于我国人民陪审制度和美国陪审团制度存在很大差异，我们不能移植美国陪审团制度。在完善我国人民陪审制度的历程中，我们应从我国国情出发，客观评价和合理吸收美国陪审团制度的成功之处，逐步显示我国人民陪审制度在追求审判公正司法民主中的强大生命力。     

高考考生物理观念发展水平的诊断与分析———以高考天津物理试卷为例

在教育部颁布的《普通高中物理课程标准(2017版)》中,凝练了学科核心素养。为帮助教师了解学生核心素养发展水平,推进基于核心素养的教学,天津市高考评价项目物理学科组以2018年天津市高考物理试卷实测数据和抽样题卡为依据,结合往年相关试题的作答情况,对本市高中学生物理观念的发展状况进行分析,找出学生的优势和不足,并据此提出在教学中落实核心素养培养的具体建议。     

Simple Preparation of Spherical Activated Carbon with Mesoporous Structure from Phenolic Resol and Associated Catalytic Performance in Isobutane Dehydrogenation

This study provides a detailed report on the synthesis of spherical activated carbon with mesoporous structure using a soluble low molecular weight phenolic resol precursor through an ammonium alginate assisted sol–gel method. The effects of calcinating temperature and the addition of CaCO_3 as a pore-enlarging agent on texture structure and catalytic performance in isobutane dehydrogenation to isobutene were investigated. Characterization of N_2 sorption,mechanical strength tests,and optical photographs confirmed that the obtained carbon materials had high mechanical strength,a good degree of sphericity,and a large surface area. Introducing CaCO_3 as a pore-enlarging agent during the preparation process promoted the formation of a mesoporous structure of carbon spheres and evidently increased the surface area and oxygen content,which can improve isobutane conversion and isobutene selectivity of these carbon spheres. The conversion of isobutane reached up to 28% for this spherical activated carbon,and the selectivity of isobutene reached up to 96%. Isobutane conversion increased with an increase in calcination temperature due to an increase in the oxygen content,whereas the selectivity of isobutene decreased due to the slight decrease in the specific surface area.     

21世纪《三国演义》军事谋略研究应用综述

《三国演义》作为我国古代一部兵书宝典,其中所展示的军事谋略一直为人们喜爱和重视。20世纪80年代开始,对其军事谋略的研究逐渐增多,从军事战略、军事心理到把其和我国古代其他兵法作品中的军事谋略进行比较。同时,这些军事谋略也被广泛运用到人才管理和企业经营等领域,对这些行业的发展起到了积极作用。21世纪以来,对《三国演义》军事谋略上述方面的探究继续深入和扩展,同时也出现了《三国演义》军事谋略与教育、影视、新世纪网络小说等新的研究方向。     

Promoting cognitive and social aspects of inquiry through classroom discourse

We investigated how Chinese physics teachers structured classroom discourse to support the cognitive and social aspects of inquiry-based science learning. Regarding the cognitive aspect, we examined to what extent the cognitive processes underlying the scientific skills and the disciplinary reasoning behind the content knowledge were taught. Regarding the social aspect, we examined how classroom discourse supported student learning in terms of students' opportunities to talk and interaction patterns. Our participants were 17 physics teachers who were actively engaged in teacher education programs in universities and professional development programs in local school districts. We analyzed one lesson video from each participating teacher. The results suggest both promises and challenges. Regarding the cognitive aspect of inquiry, the teachers in general recognized the importance of teaching the cognitive processes and disciplinary reasoning. However, they were less likely to address common intuitive ideas about science concepts and principles. Regarding the social aspect of inquiry, the teachers frequently interacted with students in class. However, it appeared that facilitating conversations among students and prompting students to talk about their own ideas are challenging. We discuss the implications of these findings for teacher education programs and professional development programs in China.     

自愿评教：走出学生评教困境的有益探索

学生评教是高校教学质量管理的重要组成部分,但强制评教造成学生消极评教、教师质疑评教、评教分数贬值等问题,并最终导致评教陷入困境。通过取消学生必须参加评教的限制,设置反映学生需求的评教指标,变一次性评教为周期性评教,改革评教监管机制,加强评教宣传引导等措施,构建学生自愿评教机制,是从根本上解决评教问题,使学生评教走出困境的有效手段。     

论书法技法对当前书法发展的影响

书法是我国传统古老的一门艺术 ,具有很高的学术价值及文化品位。以往由于书法的实用性 ,人们往往重视技法而轻理论。但发展至今当书法退出实用领域后 ,人们又过分强调理论而轻视技法 ,以至于影响到了书法的发展。因此 ,必须对书法技法对当前书法发展的影响及意义进行必要的研究。