The effects of job-related training on the sense of control of male and female workers in Russia

ABSTRACT

Using data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Study – Higher School of Economics (RLMS), we estimate the relationship between the sense of control, measured as the belief that one has control over one’s important future life circumstances and job-related training for women and men in a transitional context. We test the theory of alternative resources and the critical approaches in the analysis of the role of gender in individual outcomes from training. We show that while job-related training is associated with higher sense of control (measured using Pearlin Mastery Scale), its effect varies by gender and therefore, its absolute value is limited. We conclude that job-related training exacerbates the existing differences in the sense of control between women and men in Russia, which can potentially have prolonged, negative effects on the wider outcomes of women in the labour market.     

Art Works as Sources for Sport History Research: The Example of ‘Sports Allegory/The Crowning of the Athletes’ by Charles Louis Frédy de Coubertin

Abstract

Sport historians rarely use works of art as sources for their research. The main challenge they face is the difficulty to draw information and insights from the paintings that lie beyond what is apparent at first glance. This paper introduces the art historical methodology of iconological analysis that is of benefit to sport historians. This three-step approach is a tool for interpreting art works and contextualizing them with relevant biographical and societal information that influenced the artist’s life and work. The art work analyzed in this paper is the painting ‘Sports Allegory/The Crowning of the Athletes’ by Pierre de Coubertin’s father, the artist Charles Louis Frédy de Coubertin (1822–1908). This painting was chosen because of its relevance and importance to Olympic history. Up to now this piece has not been critically analyzed in sport history, and hence hardly any documentation on it can be found.     

A Female Medallist at the 1928 Olympic Art Competitions: The Sculptress Renée Sintenis

Abstract

Olympic Art Competitions were part of the Olympic programme for 36 years in the first half of the twentieth century. According to sport history research, one of the reasons for their suspension was the participation of unknown artists. A careful analysis of the sources used by sport historians reveals that little is known about the artists. Even less is known about female artists in this context. Investigating the example of the German sculptress Renée Sintenis (1888–1965), medallist of the 1928 Olympic Art Competitions, is an attempt to address this research gap. Biographical research about the sculptress provides art historical evidence for her successful career, her impressive oeuvre and her outstanding societal position as a female artist; and, in doing so, backs up the publications by sport historians. Furthermore, the paper illustrates the circumstances under which female artists participated in the Olympic Art Competitions, evidencing that the artistic competitions had not been a topic on the agenda of the International Olympic Committee. Importantly, it also demonstrates that Pierre de Coubertin’s artistic family environment influenced his thinking about female artists in the Olympic Art Competitions.     

Commentary: New Directions in Developmentally Informed Intervention Research for Vulnerable Populations

This special section of Child Development brings together experts in developmental science and intervention research to incorporate current evidence on resilience for vulnerable populations and give concrete suggestions for action and research. This commentary synthesizes the contributions of the articles, noting themes such as simultaneous attention to multiple risk, protective, and promotive processes; integrating new principles from clinical and therapeutic interventions; and adapting intervention approaches for new populations. It then describes additional directions for interventions to maximize resilience, including approaches that address social psychological processes, issues related to demographic and other forms of diversity, policy‐related individual behaviors, and sequenced interventions across the life span. It also gives suggestions for integrating implementation science on expansion and scale with behavioral intervention science.     

Before the Federal Bilingual Education Act: Legislation and Lived Experience in California

The federal Bilingual Education Act (BEA; 1968) augured a new era in the national politics of diversity, schooling, and state, and California became symbolic of the problems and promise of bilingual pedagogy. This article explores how the BEA was pivotal not only in conceiving a federal commitment to the educational achievement of limited-English-speaking children but also in spurring state and local action. Yet close attention reveals how philosophically and fiscally limited were the terms of the federal act. California had been experimenting with bilingual education in many districts, where innovative programs operated independently of state or federal involvement. On one hand, the emerging legislative structure embodied by the federal BEA pushed districts and states to question the received attitudes about Mexican American underachievement that permeated their practice. On the other hand, the BEA supplanted earlier, locally developed programs, increasing oversight and enforcement and often casting districts as villains and at times even checking adventurous earlier programs. In the 1960s, Californians as well as national politicians and educators engaged in an unprecedented, bipartisan dialogue about bilingual education, in which California conservatives earnestly advocated albeit moderate programs during these early but crucial years in the modern history of bilingual education.     

如何在网上挣外快

当今社会是一个信息化的时代,电脑逐渐成为每家每户不可或缺的"伙伴"。除了将电脑作为休闲娱乐的工具之外,我们也可以利用它得天独厚的优势赚取外快。本文将向读者介绍一些实用的网络赚钱方法。     

Social competence in internationally adopted and institutionalized children

A growing, sizable proportion of school children do not live in conventional family environments. Among these, internationally adopted children have gained increasing visibility in recent years. While other areas of their behavior have been widely explored, little is known about adopted children's social competence and their integration into peer groups. This study, involving 148 children between 4 and 8 years of age, compared 40 internationally adopted children with 50 children who were residing in institutions for children and 58 community comparison children. Social competence, problems with peers and friendship relationships were assessed using SSRS and SDQ, with both parents/caretakers and teachers as the informants. The sociometric status of the children and their friendship relationships were obtained through their teachers’ reports. The results showed statistically significant differences between children living in institutions (more problems with peers, poorer social skills and sociometric status) and those in family environments, whether adopted and non-adopted. Also, the results suggest some minor differences between the adopted and the comparison children, the former with greater visibility and the latter with higher sociometric status in the peer group.     

Jerome S. Bruner: una teoría de la educación

RESUMEN

En este artículo se examinan las ideas sobre educación de Jerome Bruner a dos niveles distintos. Por una parte, puesto que Bruner es un Psicólogo cognitivo, el énfasis de esas ideas recae fundamentalmente sobre las implicaciones que, las aportaciones de la psicología evolutiva en lo relativo a la evolución de la inteligencia, tienen para la educación. Por otra parte, se hace una revisión de los problemas implícitos en la formulación de una teoría de la educación, tal y como Bruner los ve, problemas que abarcan desde la necesidad de que los contenidos de la enseñanza sean significativos hasta las implicaciones sociales de una teoría de la educación. Se resalta la necesidad de colaboración entre Psicología y Pedagogía y se señalan los aspectos en que esa colaboración puede ser efectiva.     

Estudio de los efectos de la estimulación precoz en bebés con el síndrome de Down

RESUMEN

Existe una relación positiva entre la estimulación precoz regular y continuada y la maduración del sistema nervioso central. De cara a conseguir el máximo rendimiento de las posibilidades físicas e intelectuales de niños con lesiones y/o anomalías genéticas, se propone un trabajo experimental para comprobar los efectos de la estimulación precoz (control postural, coordinación sensomotora, sociabilidad y lenguaje) en grupos de bebés con síndrome de Down a los que se trató desde la primera semana de vida hasta los seis meses de edad. Aparte de las mejoras evidentes en estas tres áreas, a la vista de los resultados se concluye que la estimulación precoz parece ser un método válido para disminuir los déficits del desarrollo. El cociente de desarrollo en el grupo estimulado según la escala de Brunet-Lezine es significativamente más elevado que en el grupo de control. Además, los niños del grupo estimulado se mostraron más vivaces, activos y con más curiosidad hacia lo que les rodeaba.