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11.
Susan M. Sheridan Natalie A. Koziol Brandy L. Clarke Kristin M. Rispoli Michael J. Coutts 《Early education and development》2014,25(7):1057-1082
Research Findings: Children's early academic achievement is supported by positive social and behavioral skills, and difficulties with these skills frequently gives way to underachievement. Social and behavioral problems often arise as a product of parent–child interactional patterns and environmental influences. Few studies have examined the role of a salient aspect of children's environments, community locale, in the relationship between parenting practices and child outcomes. Using a large, nationally representative sample, we examined whether preschool parenting practices and children's social-behavioral skills in kindergarten were related to geographic setting (rural vs. city, suburban, and town). Results indicated that rural children experienced greater difficulties with parent-reported externalizing behaviors. Furthermore, rural parents displayed less emotional support than parents in other settings. Preschool parenting behaviors were associated with social skills and behavior problems in kindergarten, as reported by both parents and teachers. Parents' emotional supportiveness was found to account for the relationship between geographic setting and parent-reported children's social skills, such that rural parents who provided less emotional support had children with lower social skills in kindergarten. Practice or Policy: Findings of this research indicate that rural children may face particular risk for behavioral issues and highlight the need for increased behavioral supports in rural communities. Moreover, our results suggest that interventions designed to promote parents' support of children's emotions may have particular utility for rural families. 相似文献
12.
This paper addresses tacit-to-explicit knowledge externalization, arguably the most critical, and yet problematic, phase of Nonaka's knowledge creation theory. Specifically, we propose and describe instance-based cognitive mapping (ICM), a unique externalization process that analyzes multiple decision instances using the inductive learning algorithms of artificial intelligence to generate a polynomial representation of the knowledge worker's mental model, explicitly relating how the knowledge worker implicitly selects and weighs key factors in making decisions within a specific problem domain. After reviewing current externalization techniques, we describe the characteristics, and evaluate the advantages, of the ICM process. An exploratory test of the process suggests that inductive learning algorithms, such as the group method of data handling, can be used to discover a reasonable polynomial estimate of a knowledge worker's tacit mental model. This estimate can then be compared with other explicit models and standards, updated with new information and knowledge, and internalized by all interested knowledge workers. 相似文献
13.
Natalie Barker-Ruchti Roslyn Kerr Astrid Schubring Georgia Cervin Myrian Nunomura 《Quest (Human Kinetics)》2017,69(3):348-365
Women’s artistic gymnastics is commonly understood to require early entrance and intense training during childhood. Most gymnasts retire before reaching adulthood. In recent years, the gymnast population at the highest level has “aged.” In this article, we adopt a socio-pedagogical perspective to explore the training contexts, pubertal development, and associated learning 10 older elite gymnasts reported. We develop a cultural perspective of gymnast development and show that transitioning through puberty allowed the gymnasts to extend their careers. Support from their coaches and parents, self-reflective time, and genetic predispositions facilitated the transitioning. Through this, gymnasts gained control over self, body, relationships, and performance. In conclusion, we provide implications for gymnast development practice. 相似文献
14.
Grisham W Schottler NA McCauley LM Pham AP Ruiz ML Fong MC Cui X 《CBE life sciences education》2011,10(2):222-230
Zebra finch song behavior is sexually dimorphic: males sing and females do not. The neural system underlying this behavior is sexually dimorphic, and this sex difference is easy to quantify. During development, the zebra finch song system can be altered by steroid hormones, specifically estradiol, which actually masculinizes it. Because of the ease of quantification and experimental manipulation, the zebra finch song system has great potential for use in undergraduate labs. Unfortunately, the underlying costs prohibit use of this system in undergraduate labs. Further, the time required to perform a developmental study renders such undertakings unrealistic within a single academic term. We have overcome these barriers by creating digital tools, including an image library of song nuclei from zebra finch brains. Students using this library replicate and extend a published experiment examining the dose of estradiol required to masculinize the female zebra finch brain. We have used this library for several terms, and students not only obtain significant experimental results but also make gains in understanding content, experimental controls, and inferential statistics (analysis of variance and post hoc tests). We have provided free access to these digital tools at the following website: http://mdcune.psych.ucla.edu/modules/birdsong. 相似文献
15.
Test procedures and their accuracy in determining critical fall height (CFH) on sporting grounds are paramount to player safety.
The procedure currently adopted for synthetic turf in Australian football [1] consists of four consecutive drops at various drop heights at three test locations on the sample. The quantity and packing
of the infill in third-generation turf and the pooling effect of the rubber particles with consecutive drops suggests that
the current standard protocol may need re-assessment. Therefore, the purpose of this pilot study was to investigate whether
current methods of testing for CFH are appropriate for third-generation synthetic turf or whether an alternative or adapted
method needs to be developed. CFH was measured, using a HISUN Uniaxe-II Impact Tester, on 12 combinations of synthetic turf
samples (four different products with three shock pad options). Three conditions were investigated on each sample; the existing
protocol; an alternative 12 single-drop protocol and four single drops from the CFH determined from the existing protocol.
A significant difference was found for both absolute and percentage difference between the existing and 12 single-drop protocol,
with p = 0.001 and t = 4.33 and p < 0.001 and t = 6.03, respectively. There was also a significant difference between the CFH reached with and without a shock pad for both
the existing protocol and the 12 single-drop protocol. The results of this pilot study demonstrate that differences do occur
with alterations to the existing protocol and highlight the need for a more detailed characterisation of testing methods on
third-generation synthetic turf and the response of surfaces to them. 相似文献
16.
In recent years there has been growing interest in the discipline of computing in relation to cultural heritage, parallel with developments in greater user participation in archives and advances in documentation work. These trends are reflected in the case of a documentation project of an old Chinese cemetery in Singapore, Bukit Brown Cemetery. This case was characterised by tensions among the ‘wild’ array of emerging individual participants and archivists that took the momentum away from both more formal NGOs and government institutions in documenting, archiving and raising awareness of the heritage of the site when part of it was announced to be set aside for a new highway. The case presents a compelling need for participatory archives, facilitated by computing interventions encouraging public engagement and visits to the site. Being actively involved in the documentation process, the authors reflect on how conceptual frameworks of records may assist in designing new media innovations and informing the ways by which a cemetery may be documented. Through these reflections, the authors argue for the active participation of archivists and records professionals in documentation work, and demonstrate how, in the creation and keeping of records, they shape the collective imagination of the public and other stakeholders in heritage sites. 相似文献
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19.
How golden is silence? Teaching undergraduates the power and limits of RNA interference 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Kuldell NH 《CBE life sciences education》2006,5(3):247-254
It is hard and getting harder to strike a satisfying balance in teaching. Time dedicated to student-generated models or ideas is often sacrificed in an effort to “get through the syllabus.” I describe a series of RNA interference (RNAi) experiments for undergraduate students that simultaneously explores fundamental concepts in gene regulation, develops cutting-edge laboratory skills, and embraces student-directed learning. Students design a small interfering RNA (siRNA) against luciferase, add it to cells expressing this gene, and then quantitatively assess the siRNA's effect on both intended and unintended targets, using a luciferase assay and a DNA microarray. Because both RNAi and microarray technologies are relatively new, with no clear consensus on their analysis or limitations, students are encouraged to explore different approaches to the design of their reagents and interpretations of their data. The ability to creatively formulate a hypothesis-driven experimental approach to a scientific question and to critically evaluate collected data is stressed. Equally important, this experiment emphasizes how modern scientific ideas emerge, are debated, tested, and decided. 相似文献
20.
Geoffrey D. Borman N. Maritza Dowling 《Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk》2013,18(3):207-225
In this article, we report kindergarten student and teacher outcomes from a quasi-experimental evaluation of The Superkids, a systematic, phonics-based, comprehensive K-2 reading program. We recruited 23 kindergarten teachers to implement The Superkids program from a diverse, yet predominantly ethnic minority, group of classrooms from across the United States. We then employed a precise computerized matching methodology to derive a statistically equivalent comparison group of 20 control teachers who implemented their standard “business as usual” core literacy program. Multilevel analyses of classroom-level effects of The Superkids revealed achievement advantages of more than 1/10 of a standard deviation, d = 0.11, to 1/4 of a standard deviation, d = 0.25, for the treatment group on the 5 subtests from the Stanford Achievement Test, 10th edition (SAT-10). Four measures of teachers’ self-reported satisfaction with the core reading program used in their classrooms also revealed statistically significant advantages for Superkids of nearly three-quarters of a standard deviation, d = 0.72, to nearly 1½ standard deviation units, d = 1.49. 相似文献