Three Levels of Goal Orientation in Learning

Sixteen adult volunteers provided thinking-aloud protocols while undergoing a 10-hr individually administered course in BASIC (beginner's all-purpose symbolic instruction code) programming. Three levels of goals were identified as operative in the learning situation: task-completion goals, instructional goals, and personal knowledge-building goals. Although protocol statements indicating knowledge-building goals were infrequent, students exhibiting a relatively high proportion of them were distinctive in several ways. They did significantly better on a posttest. Their performance in goal cue selections differed from that of other participants in ways consistent with their orientation: They responded more often to learning goal cues than to task goal cues. They actively related new learning to prior knowledge and they posed and tried to solve problems and questions. Students oriented toward instructional goals tended to focus on what was explicitly taught. Students oriented toward task-completion goals tended to equate learning with successful completion of assigned tasks. Level of goal orientation and posttest performance were unrelated to level of education and prior computer experience but were positively related to previous experience of independent learning.     

A distributed model for managing academic staff in an international online academic programme

Online delivery of programmes of Higher Education typically involves a distributed community of students interacting with a single university site, at which the teachers, learning resources and administration of the programme are located. The alternative model, of a fully “Virtual University”, which assumes no physical campus, poses problems of resource provision, recognition, and accreditation. We describe here an intermediate solution, based on an established on-ground university, but in which both students and teachers are distributed worldwide. We discuss the issues of management, communication, and quality assurance that are faced in implementing this fully distributed model. We describe the solutions we have applied in a wholly online programme of Higher Education which is delivered to over 2,000 graduate students in more than 100 countries by a worldwide pool of instructors.     

副词“又”和“再”的语义分析

在现代汉语中,副词"又"和"再"都可表示动作(状态)的重复或者持续,但两者还有差别,"又"一般用来表示已经重复的动作或情况;"再"则多用来表示尚未重复的动作或情况。本文将从语义角度对"又"和"再"进行对比分析,以便初学汉语的留学生能够准确使用。     

现代设计中视觉传达的形式美法则的解读

视觉传达设计是“给人看的设计,告知的设计”,怎样将视觉传达与设计完美结合,就成为一个摆在设计者面前的新课题。文章从形式美法则理论基础着手。通过分析视觉传达功能及特征,指出：运用形式美法则来协调和处理各个视觉要素的关系：运用视觉的信息传递的引导以求达到设计的形式上的完美与和谐。     

The perspective of six Malaysian students on playing video games： Beneficial or detrimental？

This study provides a glimpse into understanding the potential benefits as well as harm of playing video games from the perspective of six Malaysian secondary school students, aged 16-17 years old. The rationale of the study is to enable parents, educators, administrators and policy makers to develop a sound understanding on the impact of playing video games before making any judgment on the contemporary youth culture. Thus, further decision on the acceptance of video games as a new innovation in school or at home could be considered. Although this study is not very extensive, the findings suggest that playing video games contributes to cognitive, social, motivational and emotional development. However, potential harms do exist. Parents play an important role in guiding their children either directly or indirectly, as indicated by the respective students. Caution is advised in the interpretation of the study＇s findings as it is solely based on the perspectives of the students, as the first person＇s views. Nevertheless, each student has their very own perspective on the impact of video games on them.     

无线可视对讲系统的设计与实现

本文设计的无线可视对讲系统,适用于访客与住户之间可视通话,系统分为采集、传输、接收三个部分,能达到图像、语音双重识别,增加了住户的安全可靠性,提高了工作、生活质量和效率。     

Kidney function change after transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with diabetes and/or hypertension

Aortic stenosis(AS)is a progressive heart valve disease occurring predominantly in older patients.According to a survey in a western country,the prevalence of AS is nearly 6.4%in patients over 75 years old(Carabello and Paulus,2009).Transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR)is an alternative method for AS patients.Previous studies have described how up to 66%of TAVR patients have concomitant baseline kidney dysfunction(Ferro et al.,2015;Gargiulo et al.,2015).The majority of patients can benefit from the TAVR procedure with the recovery of kidney function.     

浅谈在小学美术教学中如何培养学生的想像力

新课标明确要求我们“在小学美术教学中，要注重学生的感受、体验和游戏性，让学生看、画、做、玩融为一体，充分激发和培养学生的想像力，让学生体验到美术活动的乐趣，产生对美术学习的持久兴趣”。笔者在多年的美术教学实践中体会到，在美术活动中充分发挥孩子的想像力，培养孩子的思维能力，提高其艺术修养，是一件意义重大的工作。笔者认为在小学美术教学中应从以下几个方面对学生进行想像力的培养。     

Self-schematic students in mathematics and their contrasting coping responses to mathematical challenges: a cluster analytic investigation

Educational Studies in Mathematics - Mathematics self-schemas are students’ cognitive generalisations of their selves in learning mathematics (Ng in Educational Psychology, 34(6),...     

末日狂欢——海派笔下混乱的性生活

本文具体描述了海派作家笔下的淫乱型、情爱型、性爱型乱伦行为,以及男女作家对恋物癖的性变态行为的不同表现,并指出以往一直列为恋童癖的施蛰存的《周夫人》并非构成恋童癖。本文驳斥了有关张资平等小说中的乱伦行为的表现具有新道德建构意义的观点,及海派作家笔下的混乱的性世界具有巴赫金所称的狂欢化世界的涵义的说法。回顾文学史上出现的三次性混乱行为描写的高峰,可以发现这种现象总是与现代性事件相伴而生,它是现代性追寻过程中必然产生的对抗性力量,但它本身不属于现代性的成分。