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871.
872.
Eating rates (bites per interval) and other meal behaviors (number of chews, sips, talks with a neighbor, and chews per bite) were observed for 30 normal and 30 overweight white preschool children in their school cafeterias. Children were classified according to weight (overweight or normal), age (1 1/2--2 years, 3--4 years, or 5--6 years) and sex. Analysis of variance revealed that overweight preschool children demonstrated a somewhat higher rate of distinctly fewer chews per bite. Boys showed increasing chew rates with increasing age. Talk rates also increased with age but were unrelated to sex or weight status. Sip rates were not significantly associated with age, sex, or weight status. These results support the hypothesis that overweight persons are characterized by an increased eating rate and show that it is apparent even around the time of first self-feeding. 相似文献
873.
K. G. Saw Omar Majid N. Abdul Ghani H. Atan R. M. Idrus Z. A. Rahman K. E. Tan 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2008,39(3):475-485
This paper is a study on the interaction patterns of distance learners enrolled in the Mathematics and Physics programmes of Universiti Sains Malaysia in the videoconferencing learning environment (VCLE). Interaction patterns are analysed in six randomly chosen videoconferencing sessions within one academic year. The findings show there are more interactions in the graphics display mode than the video display mode. The graphics display mode, which involves the simultaneous interaction of the teacher, students and course materials, shows greater student engagement in the VCLE. The focus on a three-component interaction in distance learning differs from previous studies which looked at distinct types of two-component interactions. The types of communicative interaction, in particular the explanatory and cognitive types which are dominant in the graphics display mode, are discussed within the construct of learning. The higher number of teacher-initiated interactions may also imply that the teacher plays a crucial role in creating and maintaining a community of inquiry focused on exploring and developing content as well as giving feedback on concepts, ideas or solutions. 相似文献
874.
Michael G. Levykh 《Educational theory》2008,58(1):83-101
A bstract . Many recent articles, research papers, and conference presentations about Lev Vygotsky's zone of proximal development (ZPD) emphasize the "extended" version of the ZPD that reflects human emotions and desires. In this essay, Michael G. Levykh expands on the extant literature on the ZPD through developing several new ideas. First, he maintains that there is no need to expand ZPD to include emotions, as its more "conservative" dimensions (cognitive, social, cultural, and historical) already encompass affective features. Second, Levykh emphasizes that an emotionally positive collaboration between teachers and students in a caring and nurturing environment must be created from the outset. Finally, he asserts that culturally developed emotions must mediate successful establishment and maintenance of the ZPD in order to be effective. According to Levykh, Vygotsky's notion that learning can lead development represents a crucial contribution to our understanding of teaching and learning by clearly showing that emotions are vital to human learning and development. 相似文献
875.
Okhee Lee Jaime Maerten‐Rivera Randall D. Penfield Kathryn LeRoy Walter G. Secada 《科学教学研究杂志》2008,45(1):31-52
This study is part of a 5‐year professional development intervention aimed at improving science and literacy achievement of English language learners (or ELL students) in urban elementary schools within an environment increasingly driven by high‐stakes testing and accountability. Specifically, the study examined science achievement at the end of the first‐year implementation of the professional development intervention that consisted of curriculum units and teacher workshops. The study involved 1,134 third‐grade students at seven treatment schools and 966 third‐grade students at eight comparison schools. The results led to three main findings. First, treatment students displayed a statistically significant increase in science achievement. Second, there was no statistically significant difference in achievement gains between students at English to Speakers of Other Language (ESOL) levels 1 to 4 and students who had exited from ESOL or never been in ESOL. Similarly, there was no significant difference in achievement gains between students who had been retained on the basis of statewide reading test scores and students who had never been retained. Third, treatment students showed a higher score on a statewide mathematics test, particularly on the measurement strand emphasized in the intervention, than comparison students. The results indicate that through our professional development intervention, ELL students and others in the intervention learned to think and reason scientifically while also performing well on high‐stakes testing. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 45: 31–52, 2008 相似文献
876.
Joseph G. Eisenhauer 《Teaching Statistics》2008,30(3):75-78
This article reviews several attempts to define degrees of freedom, and offers some simple explanations of how they are derived and why they are used in various contexts. 相似文献
877.
Robert G. L. Pryor Jim E. H. Bright 《International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance》2008,8(2):71-82
This paper seeks to extend previous work on narrative career counselling by considering the role of plot within clients’ narratives. Seven archetypal narratives derived from the work of Booker (2004) are introduced that represent systems of meaning to provide insight into how individuals interpret their experience. These plots can be understood within the Chaos Theory of Careers (CTC) in terms of the attractors contained within the client narratives. Identifying the plots provides new insights into the nature of career development difficulties and how client stories may be reformulated. 相似文献
878.
Ronald G. Sultana A. G. Watts 《International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance》2008,8(1):19-34
The results are presented of a policy-focused review of career guidance services in 10 Middle East and North African countries.
A range of economic, political, socio-cultural and educational factors which seem likely to have constrained the development
of such services, and to have influenced the forms they have taken, are discussed. A number of drivers for change are outlined,
the nature of the main current services is described, and a number of common issues are explored. Six broad themes are identified
for the future development of career guidance services within the region. 相似文献
879.
Nóra Szabó Maja Deković Chantal van Aken Marjolein Verhoeven Marcel A.G. van Aken Marianne Junger 《Early childhood research quarterly》2008
Negative behavior toward the mother during toddlerhood might be a marker of increased risk for maladjustment. The aim of the present study was to examine the possible antecedents of toddler boys’ negative behavior observed in interaction with the mother: child temperament, and maternal behavior toward the child. We studied the moderating and mediating role of two dimensions of maternal behavior, sensitivity and intrusiveness, in the relationship between children's temperamental traits (frustration, soothability and activity level), on the one hand, and child negative behavior, on the other hand. The sample consisted of 112 mother–son dyads observed when the child was 17 months old. A temperament questionnaire was completed by the mothers. Child negative interactive behavior, maternal sensitivity and intrusiveness were observed at home during a 13-min play session. Maternal sensitivity was negatively related to child negative interactive behavior regardless of child temperament. Maternal intrusiveness, however, moderated the relation between activity level and negative behavior, i.e., children with high activity level showed higher levels of negative behavior especially when the mother was highly intrusive. Furthermore, maternal intrusiveness acted as a mediator in the relation between soothability and negative behavior, i.e., low soothability was linked to higher maternal intrusiveness, which in turn was associated with higher negative behavior. 相似文献
880.
G. Jagadeesh 《Resonance》2008,13(8):752-767
This article introduces the reader to the exhilarating world of Shock Waves. With their unique ability to enhance the pressure
and temperature instantaneously in any medium of propagation, shock waves are now being used for many innovative applications
in the industry. The origin of shock waves, their characteristics, laboratory tools used in their study, along with a few
interesting industrial applications of shock waves developed at the Indian Institute of Science are described.
G Jagadeesh is an Associate Professor in the Department of Aerospace Engineering, IISc, Bangalore. His areas of interest include
hypersonic flows, biomedical and industrial applications of shock waves. He has five international patents on various discoveries
on industrial applications of shock waves. 相似文献