Child Observation as Teachers' Work in Contemporary Australian Early Childhood Programmes L'Observation des Enfant en Tant que Tache de l'Enseignant dans les Programmes Contemporains d'Enseignement Prescolaire en Australie Observacion Infantil como Trabajo Docente en Programas Comtrmporaneos Preescolares Australianos

This article reports data from a study of how teachers use child observations in one State in Australia. It argues that the current economic and political climate has meant changes for most early childhood settings catering for children prior to school entry. How teachers in these various settings deal with changes in relation to child observation depends on the contexts in which they work. The paper suggests that the purpose of observing children is changing and that traditionally accepted ways of writing child observations may be under threat. Cet article rend compte des resultats d'une etude concernant la maniere dont les enseignants utilisent l'observation des enfants dans un Etat d'Australie. Elle avance que le climat economique et politique actuel a cause des changements dans la plupart des centres d'enseignement prescolaire. Comment les enseignants de ces divers centres repondent a ces changements en ce qui concerne l'observation des enfants depend du contexte dans lequel us travaillent. L'article suggere que le but de l'observation des enfants est en train de changer, et qu'il se peut que les facons dont on notait traditionnellement ces observations soient menacees. Este articulo reporta los resultados de un estudio sobre la utilizacion de observaciones infantiles por parte de educadores en uno de los estados australianos. Discute que el actual ambiente economico y politico ha transformado a la mayoria de los ambientes preescolares. Sostiene que la manera en la cual los educadores en estos multiples ambientes enfrentan los cambios asociados con la observacion infantil depende del contexto en el cual ellos trabajen. El articulo sugiere que el objectivo de la observacion infantil esta cambiando y las formas tradicionalmente aceptadas de documentar estas observaciones pudiesen verse amenazadas.     

Diagnosis and treatment children and adolescents with autism and ADHD

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism are neurodevelopmental disorders that emerge in childhood. There is increasing recognition that ADHD and autism frequently co-occur. Yet, questions remain among clinicians regarding the best ways to evaluate and treat co-occurring autism and ADHD. This review outlines issues relevant to providing evidence-based practice to individuals and families who may be experiencing difficulties associated with co-occurring autism and ADHD. After describing the complexities of the co-occurrence of autism and ADHD, we present practical considerations for best practice assessment and treatment of co-occurring autism and ADHD. Regarding assessment, this includes considerations for interviewing parents/caregivers and youth, using validated parent and teacher rating scales, conducting cognitive assessments, and conducting behavior observations. Regarding treatment, consideration is given to behavioral management, school-based interventions, social skills development, and the use of medications. Throughout, we note the quality of evidence that supports a particular component of assessment or treatment, highlighting when evidence is most relevant to those with co-occurring autism and ADHD across stages of development. In light of the current evidence for assessment and treatment of co-occurring autism and ADHD, we conclude by outlining practical implications for clinical and educational practice.     

低碳发展方案编制指南(第四部分)——实现低碳增长的政策和行动之建筑行业的行动

实现低碳增长的政策和行动将对每个行业的政策和行动、政策表述、衡量标准、温室气体减排潜力以及政策和行动的成本效益进行介绍。本节介绍建筑行业的行动。建筑行业基于目标的政策有三类:新建建筑、改造现有建筑的能源和/或碳排放目标、范围广泛的自愿或协商的协议。     

Sibling-directed Internal State Language, Perspective Taking, and Affective Behavior

This study examined relations among preschoolers' sibling-directed internal state language, perspective-taking abilities, and sibling-directed affective behaviors in 32 sibling dyads (aged 14 months and 3-4 years) during naturalistic home observations. Preschooler references about internal states (emotions, wants, abilities) were significantly more likely to be (a) about the toddler than the self, and (b) made in the mother's absence and during sibling conflict and play. Relative to poor perspective takers, skillful perspective takers (a) engaged in more instances of internal state discourse and (b) talked more frequently about both the toddler and themselves. Preschoolers engaging in high levels of positive affective behavior also spoke more frequently about internal states than children engaging in low levels of positive affective behavior. Discussion of results highlights the notion that internal state language may be one way of regulating sibling interaction and also a potential means for siblings to construct shared meanings about their world.     

Revisiting the Emergence of Young Children’s Literacy: One Child Tells Her Story

This article explores the progression of one child’s literacy from 4 months to 38 months. The emergence of literate behaviour is interpreted in the light of current theories such as those of Halliday and Dyson. One of the most significant aspects of this emergence is shown to be interaction with others in authentic literacy activities, a feature which has a number of implications for teachers and researchers alike.     

Strategies for effective faculty involvement in online activities aimed at promoting critical thinking and deep learning

Highly-traditional education systems that mainly offer what is known as direct instruction usually result in graduates with a surface approach to learning rather than a deep one. What is meant by deep-learning is learning that involves critical analysis, the linking of ideas and concepts, creative problem solving, and application (Harvey & Kamvounias, Higher Education Research & Development, 27(1), 31–41, doi: 10.1080/07294360701658716 2008)- all of which prepare graduates for life in the 21st Century. It is precisely this kind of deep learning that the current national educational reform initiatives in Bahrain are trying to promote, in contrast to what has usually been offered historically. Unfortunately, this noble aim is not always achieved and teaching methods need to be examined and developed, since there definitely are a lot of alternatives to stereotype lecturing in academic institutions (Annerstedt, Garza, Huang-DeVoss, Lindh & Rydmark, Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 10(2), 107–127, 2010). One such alternative suggested in this paper is that of increasing faculty involvement with students in online contexts, as a means for promoting critical thinking and deep learning.     

In search of an effective source use pattern for writing argumentative and informative synthesis texts

Reading and Writing - In order to design effective instruction and feedback for synthesis writing on both writing processes and products, a clear insight into synthesis writing processes underlying...