Over-Time Changes in Adjustment and Competence among Adolescents from Authoritative, Authoritarian, Indulgent, and Neglectful Families

In a previous report, we demonstrated that adolescents' adjustment varies as a function of their parents' style (e.g., authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, neglectful). This 1-year follow-up was conducted in order to examine whether the observed differences are maintained over time. In 1987, an ethnically and socioeconomically heterogeneous sample of approximately 2,300 14–18-year-olds provided information used to classify the adolescents' families into 1 of 4 parenting style groups. That year, and again 1 year later, the students completed a battery of standardized instruments tapping psychosocial development, school achievement, internalized distress, and behavior problems. Differences in adjustment associated with variations in parenting are either maintained or increase over time. However, whereas the benefits of authoritative parenting are largely in the maintenance of previous levels of high adjustment, the deleterious consequences of neglectful parenting continue to accumulate.     

Enterprise information asset management: the roles and responsibilities of executive boards

In the modern organisation the effective management of data, information, content and knowledge is crucial for enhancing competitiveness and growth. There is a profound need for all levels of business management to understand the risks, challenges and business benefit of managing these ‘Information Assets’. This paper describes the results of qualitative empirical research to investigate the roles and responsibilities of Executive Boards to ensure effective management and governance of Information Assets. Personal interviews were conducted with Board members in Australia and the United States. The results indicated that Boards often fail to fully appreciate the strategic value of Information Assets and do not understand the organisational risk and untapped business benefit resulting from ineffective Information Asset Management practices. This paper suggests that Executive Boards should be engaged in discussions about Information Management and fulfil strategic-, control- and institutional roles to guide the way Information Assets are managed and deployed.     

Can Maltreated Children Inhibit True and False Memories for Emotional Information?

The authors examined 284 maltreated and nonmaltreated children's (6- to 12-year-olds) ability to inhibit true and false memories for neutral and emotional information using the Deese/Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm. Children studied either emotional or neutral DRM lists in a control condition or were given directed-remembering or directed-forgetting instructions. The findings indicated that children, regardless of age and maltreatment status, could inhibit the output of true and false emotional information, although they did so less effectively than when they were inhibiting the output of neutral material. Verbal IQ was related to memory, but dissociative symptoms were not related to children's recollective ability. These findings add to the growing literature that shows more similarities among, than differences between, maltreated and nonmaltreated children's basic memory processes.     

Exploring the nonformal adult educator in twenty-first century contexts using qualitative video data analysis techniques

This study examined how YouTube creates a unique, nonformal cyberspace for Black females to vlog about natural hair. Specifically, we utilized qualitative video data analysis techniques to understand how using YouTube as a facilitation tool has the ability to collectively capture and maintain an audience of more than a million adult learners. After analyzing 30 videos, 4 themes emerged reflective of how using the technology of video assists these nonformal adult educators with regard to: (a) Demystifying Black Natural Hair Myths, (b) Digital Storytelling as an Educational Tool, (c) The Use of Humor, Honesty, and Humility While Facilitating Adults, and (d) The Natural Hair Thing Extends Beyond Cultural Differences. Lastly, we offer implications for future research with regard to the availability and credibility of YouTube as a data source and alternative qualitative video data analysis techniques.     

Effects of acoustic feedback training in elite-standard Para-Rowing

Assessment and feedback devices have been regularly used in technique training in high-performance sports. Biomechanical analysis is mainly visually based and so can exclude athletes with visual impairments. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of auditory feedback on mean boat speed during on-water training of visually impaired athletes. The German National Para-Rowing team (six athletes, mean ± s, age 34.8 ± 10.6 years, body mass 76.5 ± 13.5 kg, stature 179.3 ± 8.6 cm) participated in the study. Kinematics included boat acceleration and distance travelled, collected with Sofirow at two intensities of training. The boat acceleration-time traces were converted online into acoustic feedback and presented via speakers during rowing (sections with and without alternately). Repeated-measures within-participant factorial ANOVA showed greater boat speed with acoustic feedback than baseline (0.08 ± 0.01 m·s^?1). The time structure of rowing cycles was improved (extended time of positive acceleration). Questioning of athletes showed acoustic feedback to be a supportive training aid as it provided important functional information about the boat motion independent of vision. It gave access for visually impaired athletes to biomechanical analysis via auditory information. The concept for adaptive athletes has been successfully integrated into the preparation for the Para-Rowing World Championships and Paralympics.     

Do you want your child to have a certified teacher?

This study examines how the teaching staff composition with respect to certification affects student achievement in compulsory Swedish schools. We apply an instrumental variable to estimate the effect of the share of non-certified teachers on student achievement (measured by grade point average, GPA). We find statistically significant negative effects on the GPA. The effect is stronger for students with highly educated parents. A one percentage point increase in the share of non-certified teachers is expected to decrease student's GPA by, on average, 1.8 standard deviations per year. This is a substantial effect considering the large differences in the shares of non-certified teachers across schools and municipalities.