5～6岁幼儿在不同阅读方式下阅读图画书的眼动研究

本研究以眼动仪为工具,以31名5～6岁幼儿为被试,采用实验法考察不同阅读方式对幼儿图画书阅读的影响.研究结果表明:(1)5～6岁幼儿可以采取自主阅读的方式阅读图画书.(2)较之自主阅读,聆听阅读更有利于幼儿对图画书的信息进行较为深入的加工,表现为幼儿能够较好地理解故事情节的变化.(3)在自主阅读中,幼儿的阅读是一种自我探索的过程,且更倾向于从图画书中的文字部分获取故事的相关信息;而在聆听阅读中,幼儿借助于成人的朗读,更多的是从图画部分获取信息.     

How (German) foundations shape the concept of education: Towards an understanding of their use of discourses

In this article I examine how foundations use the concept of education and how they try to shape its definition and implementation. In accordance with Steven Lukes’ notion, I argue that changes in social fields are mainly triggered by normative and semantic shifts. By drawing on techniques of discourse analysis, I explore the use of discursive strategies and the discursive interpretations of education, as both its definition and its operationalization have consequences on the identification of educational needs and outcomes. It is shown that foundations regard the use of education as an opportunity to influence values, traditions, and future generations. Furthermore, foundations take part in debates on education in order to increase social influence, to be accepted as legitimate actors in education, and to be perceived as competent and indispensable players in defining educational goals.     

Social impact of participatory health research: collaborative non-linear processes of knowledge mobilization

Social impact, defined as an effect on society, culture, quality of life, community services, or public policy beyond academia, is widely considered as a relevant requirement for scientific research, especially in the field of health care. Traditionally, in health research, the process of knowledge transfer is rather linear and one-sided and has not recognized and integrated the expertise of practitioners and those who use services. This can lead to discrimination or disqualification of knowledge and epistemic injustice. Epistemic injustice is a situation wherein certain kinds of knowers and knowledge are not taken seriously into account to define a situation. The purpose of our article is to explore how health researchers can achieve social impact for a wide audience, involving them in a non-linear process of joint learning on urgent problems recognized by the various stakeholders in public health. In participatory health research impact is not preordained by one group of stakeholders, but the result of a process of reflection and dialog with multiple stakeholders on what counts as valuable outcomes. This knowledge mobilization and winding pathway embarked upon during such research have the potential for impact along the way as opposed to the expectation that impact will occur merely at the end of a research project. We will discuss and illustrate the merits of taking a negotiated, discursive and flexible pathway in the area of community-based health promotion.     

我国区域创新能力的评价及比较——基于八大经济区的实证研究

从知识创造能力、知识获取能力、企业的创新能力等5个构成要素出发,构建创新能力评价指标体系。首先对八大经济区进行综合评价并对构成要素进行横向比较,然后对其2005—2012年的创新能力进行纵向分析。结果表明,东部和北部沿海的创新能力较其他区域有明显优势,南部沿海、东北地区、长江中游和西南地区分别居于第3—6位,黄河中游和西北地区较落后。近年来东北地区提升较快,而西南地区面临较快下滑。最后就提升各区域创新能力提出建议。     

原生态民歌和唱法流行的成因分析

第十二届全国青年歌手电视大奖赛以来,原生态唱法作为一种声乐表现形式深受观众所喜爱,并得以迅速流行。这种现象是与民众的求新心理、文化回归的规律、媒体的推动作用以及原生态音乐本身的艺术价值和历史文化价值等多种因素的互相作用分不开的。深入研究原生态唱法,对于保护、传承和弘扬民族优秀文化,具有重要的现实意义。     

From Military Member to Student: An Examination of the Communicative Challenges of Veterans to Perform Communication Accommodation in the University

This study examined the transition of veterans from the military to the classroom. Guided by communication accommodation theory (CAT), results of semi-structured interviews (N = 20) of military veterans were analyzed to see how and why participants described communication approaches in the university setting. Approaches appeared guided by inculcated values developed during earlier cultural experiences, in the military. Participants described interpersonal and group communication exchanges in three broad themes: cultural clash, perspective taking, and self-silencing. This research supports prior psychological research that explored difficulties combat veterans face after exit and extends this research to non-combat veterans from a communicative perspective.     

Comparison of Methods for Analyzing Global Positioning System and Accelerometer Data during School Recess

Several geospatial approaches have been used to characterize physical activity during recess using global positioning system (GPS) data. GPS and accelerometer data from 23 children collected during recess were analyzed using four previously used approaches: (1) dot map, (2) fishnet grid, (3) hot spot analysis, which determines clusters of high/low intensity values, and (4) zonal approach wherein the schoolyard was divided into zones to determine the time and intensity in each zone. Results from each method were compared to each other and to video observation. Hot spot analysis revealed clusters of high-intensity values, which were supported by dot and grid maps and video. However, the zonal approach revealedpatterns in where children play that were not always comparable tovideo, potentially due to missing GPS data. Recommendations for the use of these methods in future research are discussed.