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531.
Norman G. Lederman 《科学教学研究杂志》1992,29(4):331-359
The development of adequate student conceptions of the nature of science has been a perennial objective of science instruction regardless of the currently advocated pedagogical or curricular emphases. Consequently, it has been an area of prolific research characterized by several parallel, but distinct, lines of investigation. Although research related to students' and teachers' conceptions of the nature of science has been conducted for approximately 40 years, a comprehensive review of the empirical literature (both quantitative and qualitative) has yet to be presented. The overall purpose of this review is to help clarify what has been learned and to elucidate the basic assumptions and logic which have guided earlier research efforts. Ultimately, recommendations related to both methodology and the focus of future research are offered. 相似文献
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The Council of State Governments was created over fifty years ago to serve as an information resource for state officials. The Council has been an active information provider over the years and is now entering a new phase which includes the development of a national state government information database and the creation of a state government research institute. 相似文献
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An instrument was developed to assess the logical reasoning capacity of adolescents in the content area of environmental science. Characterized as a group test, the instrument consisted of five concrete experiences related to environmental concepts, to which pencil-and-paper responses were made. The instrument was validated through (1) logical analysis of items from the standpoint of Piagetian theory, (2) correlation with clinical interviews and group test results in physical science, and (3) factor analysis. The results indicated an acceptable level of validity for the instrument in each category. Concurrently, the results of the study indicated that the reasoning level of the subjects was well below the theoretical levels predicted for them by theory. The results also suggested that reasoning ability in environmental science was lower than in areas associated with the physical concepts usually tested. The data suggested the presence of a horizontal decalage, or time lag, between the development of logical reasoning skills in areas of familiarity, such as physical science, and areas of content less familiar to the subject or those in which logical structures may be less frequently used in the development of evaluation instruments. 相似文献
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Chester E. Finn, Jr., formerly assistant secretary of education, is professor of education and public policy at Vanderbilt
University. 相似文献
538.
Zaid Khot Kaitlyn Quinlan Geoffrey R. Norman Bruce Wainman 《Anatomical sciences education》2013,6(4):211-215
There is increasing use of computer–based resources to teach anatomy, although no study has compared computer‐based learning to traditional. In this study, we examine the effectiveness of three formats of anatomy learning: (1) a virtual reality (VR) computer‐based module, (2) a static computer‐based module providing Key Views (KV), (3) a plastic model. We conducted a controlled trial in which 60 undergraduate students had ten minutes to study the names of 20 different pelvic structures. The outcome measure was a 25 item short answer test consisting of 15 nominal and 10 functional questions, based on a cadaveric pelvis. All subjects also took a brief mental rotations test (MRT) as a measure of spatial ability, used as a covariate in the analysis. Data were analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA. The group learning from the model performed significantly better than the other two groups on the nominal questions (Model 67%; KV 40%; VR 41%, Effect size 1.19 and 1.29, respectively). There was no difference between the KV and VR groups. There was no difference between the groups on the functional questions (Model 28%; KV, 23%, VR 25%). Computer‐based learning resources appear to have significant disadvantages compared to traditional specimens in learning nominal anatomy. Consistent with previous research, virtual reality shows no advantage over static presentation of key views. Anat Sci Educ 6: 211–215. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists. 相似文献
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Deborah Russell Carter Renee K. Van Norman Claire Tredwell 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2011,38(5):349-355
There is growing concern over the number of young children who display challenging behavior and preschool teachers are reporting
children’s challenging behavior as their greatest concern. Program-wide Positive Behavior Support (PWPBS) is a promising model
for supporting appropriate behavior and decreasing challenging behavior in early childhood programs. Implementation in early
childhood settings is relatively new and guidance on how to implement PWPBS in early childhood settings is growing. This article
documents the implementation process for an early childhood program serving children from 6 weeks to 5 years of age, shares
lessons learned and offers practical advice for getting started with PWPBS. 相似文献