高校体育专业教育培养目标与中学体育教学适应性

运用问卷调查和专家咨询等方法，对当前高校体育专业教育培养目标与中学体育教学目前状况和中学生、中学体育教师对学校体育教学的目标、任务的认识程度，以及对未来体育教师的业务能力、综合素质和中学体育教学的发展趋势进行调查、分析，得出高校体育专业教育人才培养目标的设定与课程设置不仅要考虑本学科建设需要，也要满足该专业目标市场的需要的结论，同时中学体育教学的目标定位应围绕学生的身心健康、体育知识技能的获得和思想品德培养而进行。     

Extended Test Time and postsecondary Students with Learning Disabilities: A Model for Decision Making

The most frequently requested accommodation among students with learning disabilities (LD) in postsecondary settings is extended test time. The frequency with which this accommodation is requested and granted compels disability service providers to become knowledgeable about the factors that influence the need for, and appropriateness of, the accommodation. Moreover, the synthesis of these factors becomes the basis for determining if the accommodation is reasonable under federal law. The purpose of this article is to present a step‐by‐step model to be used as a decision‐making process when considering the accommodation of extended test time for postsecondary students with LD. The model is designed to assist disability service providers in the analysis and synthesis of information collected from (1) the student's diagnostic evaluation, (2) the course or classroom test to be accommodated, and (3) student interviews. A list of diagnostic tests from the four most frequently administered test batteries used with adults is provided, along with a concise explanation of how characteristics of LD impact reading, writing, and math, and relate to the need for extended time. This information can be used to determine if extended test time is a reasonable accommodation and to estimate how much additional time to provide.     

International Early Childhood Resources from Educational Research Abstracts (ERA)

The aim was to examine cross-cultural variation in linguistic responsiveness to young children in 10 English-speaking mother–child dyads and 10 Italian-speaking mother– child dyads. All 20 children were late talkers who possessed delays in expressive vocabulary development but age-appropriate cognitive and receptive language skills. Dyads were filmed in 15 minute free play contexts, which were transcribed and coded for measures of maternal linguistic input (e.g. rate, MLU, labels, expansions) and child language productivity (e.g. utterances, different words used). The results revealed that the Italian mothers used more utterances, spoke more quickly and used a more diverse vocabulary than the Canadian mothers. The Italian children mirrored their mothers and also used more utterances and a more diverse vocabulary than the Canadian children. Mothers in both groups used similar percentages of responsive labels and expansions. However, Italian mothers responded to fewer of their children's vocalisations, using a smaller percentage of imitations and interpretations than the Canadian mothers. Correlations between maternal input and children's language productivity revealed that contingent language measures (e.g. imitations, interpretations, expansions) were related to high levels of productivity in children in both cultural groups. The results support the use of language interventions based on increasing maternal responsiveness for these children at the one-word stage of language development. They also point to differences that may be culturally based. For example, Italian mothers use faster rates of interaction and appear to have higher expectations for their children's verbal participation in interaction. This is reflected in higher rates of language production from their children, even though children in both cultural groups have similar vocabulary sizes.     

国家皮划艇运动员高原训练的机能监测和评价研究

为了探索皮划艇运动员的高原训练，对国家皮划艇集训队1999年的两次高原训练，进行了全程跟踪监测，以期对皮划艇运动员的高原训练进行评价。监测结果表明：(1)皮划艇运动员上高原后7至10d可完全适应高原环境训练，高原训练要考虑适应的时间和转换运动训练负荷强度的时机。(2)高原训练的负荷应安排在高原训练期间出现两次血红蛋白的高峰。血红蛋白的动态变化对于监控和保证高原训练负荷的量和强度是一个有益的指标。下山后14d和40d血红蛋白有两个明显的高峰，揭示可能有两次运动能力的高潮点。(3)高原训练后完成500m和1000m血乳酸的浓度显性增加，揭示运动员耐酸能力提高，500m和1000m成绩有显性提高。     

第二十一届世界大学生运动会女子排球决赛技术分析

通过观看现场直播及比赛录像，采用对比方法对参加第二十一届世界大学生运动会女子排球决赛的中国大学生女排和俄罗斯大学生女排的发球，进攻，拦网，对方失误进行统计分析，试找出两队之间的差距。结果表明：在决赛中，无论是在发球，进攻和拦网上，中国女排都占有一定的优势，但同时失误也很多。     

运动后低氧暴露对血液流变学及红细胞形态的影响

研究目的：观察常氧运动后低氧暴露情况下血液流变学及红细胞形态的变化。研究方法：8名受试者以75％ VO2max强度分别完成2次1h蹬功率自行车运动，间隔1周。第1周受试者以75％ VO2max强度蹬功率自行车1h后即进入低氧室内(氧气浓度：15．4％，相当于海拔2500m)休息30min。第2周同一时间，受试者以同等负荷运动1h后常氧环境休息30min。每次实验分别于安静时、运动后即刻、运动后30min采取静脉血5ml，测血液流变学变化和扫描电镜(SEM)下观察红细胞形态变化。结果：运动后血液粘度升高，红细胞变形能力下降，红细胞形态由双凹圆盘状变为单侧凹陷另一侧隆起似礼帽状的I型口形红细胞。结论：运动后低氧暴露不利于血液流变学及红细胞形态的恢复。     

Environmentally-induced stone decay: the cumulative effects of crystallization–hydration cycles on a Lincolnshire oopelsparite limestone

An investigation has been undertaken at St Andrew’s church, Walpole St Andrew, Norfolk, to establish the underlying causes of the observed stone decay to the upper parts of the six stone piers. The stone decay was first recorded in the early 1930s. The salt-contaminated masonry within the church has been shown to undergo severe salt decay during the summer, with little damage occurring over the winter months. The south aisle piers have been shown to decay 2.5 times faster than the north aisle piers. Although crystallization–hydration cycles have been identified, the rate of decay is at its greatest when the cycling is relatively infrequent. This was not the expected trend. Furthermore, it has been shown that during extended periods where the ambient relative humidity is less than 75%, the rate of decay reaches a maximum. It is the length of this ‘drying’ period that apparently has the greatest influence on the rate of decay and could explain the significant difference in the rate of decay between the south and north aisle piers. The results have serious implications for passive conservation, where it is often recommended to lower the ambient relative humidity to well below the equilibrium relative humidity of the salt contaminant, to avoid crystallization–hydration cycles. Since, at the time of building, the church was situated on the coast, it is possible that the sodium chloride contamination occurred during the building process (1440–1520), particularly since the area was prone to sea-flooding at this time. Alternatively, the salt could have been applied as a treatment during the general restoration of 1897. Whatever the source of the salt, it seems likely that the ambient environment was changed by the insertion of a sealed floor in 1897, which could account for the onset of the salt decay.