Incidence and risk for traumatic and overuse injuries in top-level road cyclists

All traumatic and overuse injuries occurring during an average period of 4 years (2002/09) in a group of 51 currently active road top-level cyclists were retrospectively registered through clinical interviews. Average age was 25.8 years. Average training and competition period was 28.3 ± 2.4 h a week. Only 8 cyclists (15.6%) were completely free from lesions during the period of study. The remaining 43 cyclists suffered a total of 112 lesions; however, 9 out of these were unrelated to their cycling practice. These 103 cycling-related injuries include 50 (48.5%) traumatic and 53 (51.5%) overuse injuries. Twenty-eight fractures were reported, the clavicle being the most frequently affected bone (11 cases). The 68.5% of overuse injuries were located in the lower limbs. Most overuse injuries (89.6%) occurred during the training period. According to the injury abbreviated scale (AIS), severe lesions were only found in 4 cases (8% of traumatic injuries). Overall injury rates were 0.50 per racer/year, 2.02 per studied racer, and 0.007 per 1000 km of training and competition. Active professional top-level cyclists are exposed to a high injury risk. According to the scarce previously published data the current study provides relevant information on the injury occurrence of still active top-level road cycling.     

Active relatives and health-related physical fitness in European adolescents: The HELENA Study

Abstract High physical fitness in childhood and adolescence is positively associated with favourable health-related outcomes. Our aim was to examine the relationship between relatives' (father, mother, brother, sister, and best friend) physical activity engagement and encouragement on adolescents' physical fitness. Adolescents were part of the HELENA study, a multi-centre study conducted in 10 cities from nine European countries in 2006-2008. Participants were 3288 adolescents (48% boys, 52% girls) aged 12.5-17.5 years with valid data on at least one of the three fitness variables studied: muscular strength (standing long jump), speed/agility (4×10 m shuttle run), and cardiorespiratory fitness (20 m shuttle run). The adolescents reported their relatives' physical activity engagement and encouragement. Analysis of covariance showed that relatives' physical activity engagement (father, mother, brother, and best friend) was positively related to cardiorespiratory fitness (P?相似文献   

火针治疗对大鼠跟腱末端病细胞凋亡的影响

目的观察火针治疗前后大鼠跟腱末端区细胞凋亡情况的变化,探讨火针治疗末端病的作用机理,为末端病的火针治疗提供理论依据。方法采用"电击跳跃法"建立大鼠跟腱末端病模型,施以火针治疗,采用TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡指数(AI)。结果(1)1次火针治疗后,治疗组大鼠末端区主要在跟腱、纤维软骨区、腱围这三个部位的AI比对照组有不同程度降低;(2)经4次火针治疗后,跟腱、纤维软骨区、腱骨关节面软骨、腱围的AI明显低于对照组;(3)4次火针治疗后在跟腱、纤维软骨区、腱骨关节面软骨、腱围的AI明显低于1次火针治疗组。结论(1)8周的"电击跳跃法"成功建立了大鼠跟腱末端病模型。(2)1次火针治疗可以减少末端区的细胞凋亡和修复已凋亡的细胞。(3)4次火针治疗不仅使末端区的凋亡细胞得到修复,而且加速了整个末端区组织和结构的恢复。     

Impact of Web 2.0 on national libraries

Web 2.0 has had an impact on library web sites making them more interactive with users, giving rise to the term Library 2.0. What is meant by Web 2.0 tools is generally understood but the degree of implementation of these tools in libraries is largely unknown. This study reports on the implementation of these tools in national libraries all over the world in order to give an objective measure of the impact of Web 2.0 on library web sites.     

云南高校开设少数民族体育公共选修课的探讨

对云南省高校开设少数民族传统体育项目公选课的意义、可行性及实施建议进行了阐述,以期促进少数民族传统体育项目得到更好的保护和推广,同时为高校体育教学改革提供一些参考.     

基于Cult3D的虚拟展馆漫游系统

在介绍虚拟展示模式的基础上,以开发虚拟展馆漫游系统为例,以3DS MAX和Cult 3D为工具,讨论了开发虚拟展馆漫游系统的基本原理、步骤以及控制过程,最终在网页上建立互动产品模型。并讨论了虚拟展示技术的发展前景,认为在多媒体演示交互中具有广阔的应用前景。     

Are determining factors of municipal E-government common to a worldwide municipal view? An intra-country comparison

The implementation of E-government aims at simplifying and improving the transactions between public administrations and their users or customers. The objective of this study is to analyze whether the factors behind the level of development of E-government among municipalities of a specific country are common to the improvement of digital administration in the largest municipalities from 81 countries worldwide. While previous studies provide evidence that municipalities from the same country, mainly those governed by left-wing parties, focus on differentiating themselves in the content of their Web sites, our findings emphasize that internationally, in the most important municipalities worldwide, all the political parties attempt to promote the development of a dynamic and participatory E-government.     

Generation of virtual models of cultural heritage

Different techniques and tools currently exist to generate three-dimensional models of small elements, buildings and cities. Apart from being easier to interpret than two-dimensional drawings, these models facilitate data necessary for reconstruction projects, preservation or rehabilitation of the architectural or archaeological heritage. Traditional surveying only enables us to obtain discrete information of the characteristic lines that define each surface, edge, slope change etc. whereas work with massive capture techniques allows us to obtain continuous points of the surfaces. Photogrammetry or laser scanning combined with conventional photography provides information of the building in addition to its geometry. We carried out a review of the different techniques showing the advantages and disadvantages of each technique as well as the information that can be obtained by applying these techniques to the survey of the great Gate of Antioch in the town of Aleppo, declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1986, in Syria.     

Raman mapping analysis of pigments from Proas Iluminadas by Quinquela Martín

The painting Proas Iluminadas (Illuminated Bows) by Benito Quinquela Martín is studied by Raman spectroscopy in order to analyse the technique and the pigments employed by the artist: ultramarine blue, carbon black, cadmium-sulphure based compounds for the hue of yellow, orange and red; also zinc white, barium yellow, massicot yellow and viridian were observed. The importance of using different excitation laser lines in the analysis of mixtures of pigments is highlighted. The Raman mapping analysis of cross section samples shows the way the artist composed the ground layer: a lead white stratum over a calcite one. It also allows distinguishing between a mixture of components and strata superposition, both presenting the same appearance under an optical microscope. This paper provides information about the materials and techniques used in a period of Argentine art not studied before from this point of view.     

Web technologies applied to virtual heritage: An example of an Iberian Art Museum

Nowadays, some virtual museums include 3D room scenes to show the models of its pieces, just like in real museums. Nevertheless, the generation and maintenance of this kind of scenes is generally difficult and should be done by an expert. For example, any change such as including a new piece or modifying the position of an existing fragment usually requires a different design and the creation of a new scene. In this paper we present a case study on the development of a web-based application to automatize this process. To this end, a database to store both graphic and non-graphic information about the pieces, and some 3D rooms to show them has been created. The designed scenes only contain some pieces of furniture to exhibit the fragments, which will be subsequently included. Thus, when a room is loaded in the web page, its associated pieces are obtained through a query in the database and its models are dynamically included in the original scene. Therefore, the position changes or the inclusion of new pieces are not performed in the 3D model, but in the database. Our application makes the transmission of the knowledge to the general public easier because any new discovered piece can be included in a existing museum effortlessly.