法律上等位利益冲突的刑法评判

刑法上的等位利益冲突是在具体情形下予以评价的。包括作为义务冲突、不作为义务冲突及作为义务与不作为义务冲突三种情况。等位利益冲突在下述三种情况下是不违法的：（1）为了自己利益。不主动剥夺他人的机会,以此来提高自己的获救机会,同时行为人对他人并无特殊义务;（2）在不可能救助全部等位利益的情况下,救助了尽可能多的利益;（3）如果为了救助家庭成员而未考虑其他的救助义务,行为人为保全自己生命而转移危险,并且受威胁的家庭成员没有基于自由意思自找危险。     

Youth Perspectives on Parental Career Influence

The role of parents in youth career development is generally acknowledged though, often, perfunctorily. This inquiry examines youth perceptions of parental influence on their career development. We ask young men and women about specific career development attitudes and behaviors that bear on their relations with their parents. The sample consists of survey data from 362 high school juniors. The results confirm the trend of recent studies that report compatibility between parent and youth values, aspirations, and plans. Of all the people to whom youth can turn for help with making career plans, most look to their mothers. The findings apply across gender, to young men as well as young women; and they apply across race, to minority youth as well as majority-culture youth. The results underscore the importance of parents as allies and resources for career counselors in facilitating youth career development.     

美国解决全球气候变化政策解析

介绍了美国目前限制和减少温室气体排放的方法和政策及其影响,并在分析温室气体排放和全球气候变化的科学数据的基础上,对现行政策进行评述并追踪美国在减少温室气体排放方面所做的努力及这些努力中潜在的可能具有的政策效力。     

Variability in clubhead presentation characteristics and ball impact location for golfers' drives

The purpose of the present study was to analyse the variability in clubhead presentation to the ball and the resulting ball impact location on the club face for a range of golfers of different ability. A total of 285 male and female participants hit multiple shots using one of four proprietary drivers. Self-reported handicap was used to quantify a participant's golfing ability. A bespoke motion capture system and user-written algorithms was used to track the clubhead just before and at impact, measuring clubhead speed, clubhead orientation, and impact location. A Doppler radar was used to measure golf ball speed. Generally, golfers of higher skill (lower handicap) generated increased clubhead speed and increased efficiency (ratio of ball speed to clubhead speed). Non-parametric statistical tests showed that low-handicap golfers exhibit significantly lower variability from shot to shot in clubhead speed, efficiency, impact location, attack angle, club path, and face angle compared with high-handicap golfers.     

Effects of golf shaft stiffness on strain, clubhead presentation and wrist kinematics

The aim of this study was to quantify and explain the effect of shaft stiffness on the dynamics of golf drives. Twenty golfers performed swings with two clubs designed to differ only in shaft bending stiffness. Wrist kinematics and clubhead presentation to the ball were determined using optical motion capture systems in conjunction with a radar device for capturing ball speed, launch angle, and spin. Shaft stiffness had a marginally small effect on clubhead and ball speeds, which increased by 0.45% (p < 0.001) and 0.7% (p = 0.008), respectively, for the less stiff club. Two factors directly contributed to these increases: (i) a faster recovery of the lower flex shaft from lag to lead bending just before impact (p < 0.001); and (ii) an increase of 0.4% in angular velocity of the grip of the lower flex club at impact (p = 0.003). Unsurprisingly, decreases in shaft stiffness led to more shaft bending at the transition from backswing to downswing (p < 0.001). Contrary to previous research, lead bending at impact marginally increased for the stiffer shaft (p = 0.003). Overall, and taking effect sizes into account, the changes in shaft stiffness in isolation did not have a meaningful effect on the measured parameters, for the type of shaft investigated.