Validity and reliability testing of the Chinese (mainland) version of the 39-item Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39)

The 39-item Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) has been tested in many languages, but not in Chinese mainland. We aimed to assess the Chinese (mainland) version of the PDQ-39. Seventy-one subjects with Parkinson’s disease (PD) completed the PDQ-39 and the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). All subjects were retested with the PDQ-39 a week later. The united Parkinson’s disease rating scale (UPDRS) and the Hoehn and Yahr (H &; Y) scale were also used to evaluate the subjects. Reliability was assessed by Cronbach’s α and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Validity was examined in terms of agreement with SF-36, UPDRS, and H &; Y scales. The Chinese (mainland) version of the PDQ-39 demonstrated acceptable reliability (Cronbach’s α: 0.84–0.88; ICC: 0.56–0.82). The item-total correlations (0.33–0.88) and scaling success rates (77.56%) indicated satisfactory convergent and discriminant validity of the PDQ-39 items. The correlations between related constructs of the PDQ-39 and UPDRS (r=0.44–0.68) and between those of the PDQ-39 and SF-36 (r=(−0.46)-(−0.69)) were all statistically significant (P<0.01). Except for stigma, cognitions, and bodily discomfort, all other dimensions of the PDQ-39 significantly discriminated patients at different H &; Y stages indicated by the H &; Y scale. Although our observations indicate that some problematic subscales of this version of the PDQ-39 could be improved upon, this study suggests acceptable reliability and validity of the Chinese (mainland) version of the PDQ-39.     

母子山村人地关系优化调控对策

根据母子山村实地调研结果分析：该村人口众多,贫困现象突出,人地关系矛盾突出.要使这一地区贫困状况得到根本性的改善,人地关系优化,就应该对这一地区的产业结构.     

论博物馆教育活动的可持续发展——以首都博物馆青少年教育活动为例

<正>近年来,许多博物馆纷纷通过开展各种形式的教育活动来吸引众多观众到馆参观,以形成主动的多元化教育服务模式,拓展博物馆的教育功能。然而这其中许多的教育活动虽然造势轰动,人潮不断,但只是热闹一阵,无法持久保持下去,犹如昙花一现。本文试在探讨博物馆教育活动可持续发展必要性的基础上,以首都博物馆(以下简称首博)青少年教育活动探索的实践为例,提出博物馆教育活动目前所存在的问题和对策。     

复杂设备的三维结构交互式演示系统开发——以焦炉为例

以焦炉为例,介绍了一种复杂设备的三维结构交互式演示系统开发方法。应用SketchUp建立焦炉各组成部分的三维数字模型,并导出展示其内部结构的图片和动画。应用Authorware制作焦炉结构三维交互演示系统,该演示系统能用大量的三维图像和动画生动形象地展示焦炉各大组成部分的内部结构和基本工作原理。     

浅谈“知人论世”

主要通过追溯“知人论世”这一批评理论的发展历程,分析探讨其自身的合理性和科学性,经综合分析后指出“知人论世”这一中国传统文学批评理论的发展前景和发展道路.     

Stability and bifurcation of delay-coupled genetic regulatory networks with hub structure

In this paper, we study the local stability and bifurcation of a delay-coupled genetic regulatory networks consisting of two modes with the hub structure. By analyzing the equilibrium equation, the number of the positive equilibria is discussed in both the cases that there are inhibition coupling and activation coupling in the networks. It is revealed that multiple equilibria could exist in the developed genetic networks and the number of the equilibria could be distinct under the two cases of delayed-coupling. For the equilibrium, the conditions of the coupling-delay-independent stability and the saddle-node bifurcation are derived with respect to the biochemical parameters. The coupling-delay-dependent stability and the Hopf bifurcation criteria on the biological parameters and the coupling delay are also given. Moreover, the complexity of the algorithm used in this paper is analyzed. The numerical simulations are made to certify the obtained results. The multistability of the developed genetic regulatory networks is displayed. The different effects of the coupling delay on the stability of the genetic networks under different biochemical parameters are shown.     

构建终身学习社会:高校继续教育大有作为

高等学校继续教育在终身学习成为一种趋势的前提,在分析自身办学问题及其面临困境的基础上,积极探索继续教育学院发展的策略,从校企合作、中外合作、教育质量、师资队伍、教学管理制度、网络教育等方面进行改革与尝试,努力推进终身学习社会的构建。     

绅士文化对战后英国高等职业教育醚影响及启示

二战后，英国政府为振兴科技、复兴经济大力发展高等职业教育，虽取得一定成绩，但相对于德、美等发达国家还有较大差距。英国绅士文化追求古典人文学科价值的传统以及追求教育的教养价值的社会心理是造成其高等职业技术教育发展比较滞缓的主要原因，这种影响广泛而深刻。对于我国而言，必须正视根植于民众心理的中国传统文化对职业教育的影响，挖掘其积极因素，引导职业教育朝良性方向发展。