惊现比人还要大的巨型海蝎

英、德两国科研人员近日在一份化石研究报告中指出,他们发现一个远古海蝎子的巨爪化石。据推断,其肢体长度达到2.5米,比人类还大,是有史以来所发现的体型最大的节肢动物标本。     

Recall agreement between actual and retrospective reports of competitive anxiety: a comparison of intensity and frequency dimensions

Using a mixed-method design, we compared athletes' abilities to recall intensity and frequency of competitive anxiety. In Phase 1, performers (n = 35) completed the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (Martens, Burton, Vealey, Bump, & Smith, 1990) at four pre-competition and four post-competition intervals to compare actual and recalled responses. In Phase 2, follow up interviews (n = 6) explored the perceived mechanisms underpinning the quantitative results. Limits of agreement (Bland & Altman, 1999) analysis on the quantitative data indicated that, compared with intensity, memory for frequency was generally more reliable, and recall ability of this dimension was less biased for symptoms that occurred earlier in the week. Inductive analysis of the qualitative interviews suggested athletes were more attuned to the frequency rather than the intensity of their competitive anxiety symptoms. These findings provide support for the notion that the frequency of symptoms may act as a precursor for increasing anxiety levels and this dimension may be a more accurate reflection of experienced symptoms when recalling emotional accounts. The implications are that researchers and practitioners need to consider frequency in addition to intensity when seeking to manage anxiety responses during the time preceding competition.     

Official information: scholarly publishers can help the Government get it right

CoPI: the Coalition for Public Information, has been formed to ensure that the developing information revolution benefits all sections of society. Its early dialogue with Government is of great potential value to learned and professional publishers, addressing such issues as efficient access to official documents and the current restrictions imposed by crown copyright. CoPI's Manifesto also calls for citizens of the future to be equipped to deal with information overload – an essential skill needed to recognise, the high quality refereed work of academic publishers'.     

Media Nostalgia

Frank Buxton and Bill Owen's The Big Broadcast: 1920-1950 (New York: Viking Press, 1972---$12.95)

Summers' A Thirty-Year History of Programs Carried on National Radio Networks in the United States (1958: reprinted by Arno Press, 1971---$10.00)

Hello Again (Mr. Jay Hickerson, 6 Koczak Court, North Haven, Conn. 06473)

Mary E. Bickel's George W. Trendle: An Authorized Biography (Jericho, N.Y.: Exposition Press, 1972---$5.00)

Joe Morella, Edward Z. Epstein, and Eleanor Clark's Those Great Movie Ads (New Rochelle, N.Y.: Arlington House, 1972--- $14.95)

Ron Goulart's Cheap Thrills: an Informal History of the Pulp Magazines (New Rochelle, N.Y.: Arlington House, 1972---$7.95)     

General Communication

Eugene Garfield, Essays of an Information Scientist, Volume 3, 1977-78 (Philadelphia: ISI Press, 1980—$15.00)

The Information Society: An International Journal (Crane, Russak, 3 East 44th St., New York, N.Y. 10017– $48.00/quarterly)

M. Thomas Inge, ed. Handbook of American Popular Culture, Volume 2 (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1980 —$29.95)

Information Resources: Knowledge and Power in the 21st Century by Anthony G. Oettinger (Incidental Paper 1-80-4, 10 pp. —$15.00)

Changes in the Information Industries– Their Strategic Implications for Newspapers by John C.Gates (Incidental Paper 1-80-5, 20 pp.—$15.00)

Economics and Postal Pricing Policy by Bruce Owen and Robert Willig (Publication P-81-2, 36 pp.—$30.00)

Factors Influencing Media Consumption: A Survey of the Literature by Christine Urban (Research Draft not yet for sale, March 1981, 107 pp.)

The Continuing Revolution in Communications Technology: Implications for the Broadcasting Business by Richard Rosenbloom (Incidental Paper 1-81-4, June 1981, 30 pp.—$15.00)

Information Resources Policy Viewed by an OutskIrten by Per Ongstad (Incidental Paper 1-81-5, July 1981, 53 pp.—$15.00)

Philip Hills, ed. The Future of the Printed Word: The Impact and Implications of the New Communications Technology (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1981—$25.00)

Ronald J. Matlon, comp. Index to Journals in Communication Studies Through 1979 (Speech Communication Association, 5105 Backlick Rd., Annandale, Va. 22003—price not given, paper)