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991.
D. Puri K. M. Prabhu G. Dev S. Agarwal P. S. Murthy 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2011,26(4):335-346
To study the mechanism of action of water soluble compound GII purified from fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) seeds which was shown earlier to have antidiabetic effect in the subdiabetic, moderately and severely diabetic rabbits.
In rabbits (1–1.5 kg bw) diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of 80 mg/kg bw of alloxan. They were fed with GII at
a dose of 50 mg/kg bw daily once in the morning for 15 days in the subdiabetic and moderately diabetic and 30 days in the
severely diabetic rabbits. Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), LDL + VLDL cholesterol [(LDL + VLDL)C], HDL cholesterol
[(HDL)C], total tissue lipids, glycogen and enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism (glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, polyol pathway)
hexokinase, glucokinase, pyruvate kinase, malic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, aldose reductase
and sorbitol dehydrogenase and antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase
were estimated. Liver and kidney function parameters were also estimated. Treatment with GII for 15 days in the subdiabetic
and moderately diabetic rabbits and for 30 days in the severely diabetic rabbits (i) decreased the elevated lipids TC, TG,
(LDL + VLDL)C and increased the decreased (HDL)C, (ii) decreased the elevated liver and heart total lipids, TC and TG, (iii)
increased the decreased liver and muscle glycogen, (iv) increased the decreased hexokinase, glucokinase, pyruvate kinase,
malic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, (v) decreased the increased
glucose-6-phosphatase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, aldose reductase. Results thus show that treatment with GII compound purified
from fenugreek seeds for 15 days in the subdiabetic and moderately diabetic and 30 days in the severely diabetic rabbits corrects
the altered serum lipids, tissue lipids, glycogen, enzymes of glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogen metabolism, polyol pathway
and antioxidant enzymes. Histopathological abnormalities (fatty infiltration and other cellular changes) seen in the pancreas,
liver, heart and kidneys were repaired after treatment with GII. In fact partially damaged pancreas was repaired. Liver and
kidney function test results were normal in the GII treated animals indicating that GII treatment is safe and free from any
side effects. 相似文献
992.
M. P. Narayanan Vaidyanathan Kannan K. P. Vinayan D. M. Vasudevan 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2011,26(4):347-353
Organic acid disorders are inherited metabolic disorders in which organic acids accumulate in tissues and biological fluids
of affected individuals. Classical organic acidurias include methylmalonic aciduria, propionic aciduria, isovaleric aciduria
and maple syrup urine disease (MSUD). They are considered the most frequent metabolic disorders among severely ill children.
Patients frequently present with acute symptoms early in life. 420 cases clinically suspected to have organic aciduria, with
upper age limit of 12 years for a 2-year period (January 2007–December 2008) were enrolled into this study. Metabolic acidosis
and neurological symptoms were the most common signs. Screening tests and thin layer chromatography were done for detection
of organic acidurias. Identification and quantitation of organic acids in urine and quantification of amino acids in blood
were done by high performance liquid chromatography. Out of 420 patients, 45 patients (10.7%) were found to have organic acidurias.
15 cases of methylmalonic aciduria, 16 cases of propionic aciduria, 13 cases of MSUD, and one case of isovaleric aciduria
were diagnosed. Results demonstrate the importance of testing for organic acidurias. Since organic aciduria may cause irreversible
brain damage if not treated, we recommend selective screening amongst severely ill children despite implied extra costs. 相似文献
993.
Madhusudhana Rao A Anand U Anand CV 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2011,26(1):28-31
Numerous lines of evidence implicate a role of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD).
It is a well accepted fact that patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at an increased risk for CVD. MPO is a pro-oxidant
enzyme which could be involved in the increased susceptibility of these patients to CVD. Hence, the levels of plasma MPO was
determined in healthy controls as well as in patients with CKD [stratified with the level of their kidney failure as CKD stages
II–V (end stage renal disease)]. Plasma MPO was assayed by a spectrophotometric method. Serum urea and creatinine were estimated
on a clinical chemistry analyzer using standard laboratory procedures. The mean plasma MPO levels were significantly lower
with advancing stages of renal failure (P < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between MPO and GFR (r = +0.89, P < 0.001) and a negative correlation with urea (r = −0.85, P < 0.001) and creatinine (r = −0.82, P < 0.001). While an inverse association was observed between plasma MPO and urea in CKD patients, such an association was
not observed in control subjects (P = 0.43). In conclusion, the decline in plasma MPO levels may be due to the inhibitory effect of uraemic toxins on the enzyme. 相似文献
994.
We report a case of a diabetic, heterozygote with near normal hematology, marginally low level of hemoglobin A2(HbA2) having an increased level of hemoglobin F(HbF) that was pancellularly distributed among the red cells. BioRad DiaSTAT measurements
gave a high glycated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) of 31.5% and the BioRad Variant analyzer recorded an HbA1c value which was very
low, in discordance with the detected blood glucose levels. Flow cytometry and polymerization chain reaction (PCR) based studies
were carried out which revealed the case to be that of the common hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH)-3, an
Asian Indian mutation. Fructosamine estimation and HbA1c by Boronate affinity chromatography were able to resolve the discordant
value detected and was able to confirm the diabetes status. The case would have been a diagnostic dilemma, if reported without
correlation. 相似文献
995.
India seems to have the highest prevalence of osteoporosis. With growing awareness of osteoporosis and its impact on life
span especially in India, special attention is being paid to early detection, management and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis
in women. Measurement of BMD and osteocalcin are of value in estimating bone turnover rates. The aim of this study is (1)
to measure the specific, sensitive bone formation marker such as osteocalcin and BMD in postmenopausal osteoporosis women
and postmenopausal non-osteoporosis women; (2) the follow up study to evaluate the impact of specific antiresorptive therapy
(alendronate + calcium + vitamin D) regimen in postmenopausal osteoporosis by assaying osteocalcin and BMD. Sixty clinically
diagnosed postmenopausal osteoporosis patients and 60 normal subjects (postmenopausal non-osteoporosis women) were recruited
as control. Mean bone mineral density T score and Z score was significantly decreased (P < 0.001) in postmenopausal osteoporosis patients as compared to controls. Highly significant increase in the mean score of
BMD—T score and Z score from baseline to post therapy of 3 months was observed in postmenopausal osteoporosis women. Serum osteocalcin levels
were significantly increased (P < 0.001) as compared to control group. Serum osteocalcin levels were decreased significantly (P < 0.001) from baseline to post therapy of 3 months in postmenopausal osteoporosis women. BMD is the best quantifiable predictor
of osteoporotic fracture and osteocalcin is specific, sensitive, promising, currently used marker for better prognosis of
osteoporosis and for monitoring responses to antiresorptive therapy. 相似文献
996.
Franky D. Shah Rasheedunnisa Begum Bhairavi N. Vajaria Kinjal R. Patel Jayendra B. Patel Shilin N. Shukla Prabhudas S. Patel 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2011,26(4):326-334
Oral cancer has emerged as an alarming public health problem with increasing incidence and mortality rates all over the world.
Therefore, the implementation of newer screening and early detection approaches are of utmost importance which could reduce
the morbidity and mortality associated with this disease. Sensitive and specific biomarkers for oral cancer are likely to
be most effective for screening, diagnosis, staging and follow-up for this dreaded malignancy. Unlike other deep cancers,
oral cancer is located in oral cavity. Hence, the direct contact between saliva and oral cancer lesion makes the measurement
of tumor markers in saliva an attractive alternative to serum and tissue testing. The DNA, RNA and protein molecules derived
from the living cancer cells can be conveniently obtained from saliva. Thus, salivary biomarkers, a non-invasive alternative
to serum and tissue-based biomarkers may be an effective modality for early diagnosis, prognostication and monitoring post
therapy status. In the current post-genomic era, various technologies provide opportunities for high-throughput approaches
to genomics and proteomics; which have been used to evaluate altered expressions of gene and protein targets in saliva of
oral cancer patients. The emerging field of salivary biomarkers has great potentials to prove its clinical significance to
combat oral cancer. Hence, we have reviewed importance of several salivary genomics and proteomics biomarkers for oral cancer. 相似文献
997.
Analytical expressions are derived from a single symmetrical relay feedback test for the identification of open loop stable and unstable non-minimum phase processes. The second derivative of the limit cycle output helps in finding the time delay of the process. The derived expressions can be used to identify the process models with up to five unknowns. The effectiveness of the proposed identification method is verified through different simulation results. 相似文献
998.
Wouter P.C. BoonAuthor Vitae Ellen H.M. Moors Author VitaeStefan Kuhlmann Author Vitae Ruud E.H.M. Smits Author Vitae 《Research Policy》2011,40(2):242-252
User involvement is assumed to be beneficial to innovation processes. Intermediary user organisations contribute to articulating societal demands for innovations. However, the learning processes inside these organisations are still not understood well. Therefore, this paper empirically investigates intermediaries using an event history approach. It yields characteristic learning mechanisms, e.g. concerning the management of expectations or actively building a case. If intermediaries overcome challenges regarding positioning, representation and the level of proactivity, they can play a precarious role in demand articulation in the context of new technologies. 相似文献
999.
T.P. Dweba M.A. MearnsAuthor vitae 《International Journal of Information Management》2011,31(6):564-571
Indigenous knowledge erodes rapidly. When the loss of this knowledge negatively affects the lives and health of traditionally living rural communities, a drive to conserve indigenous knowledge becomes vital. This article argues that the transfer of indigenous knowledge on traditional vegetables will ensure the availability and utilisation of this important food source for resource-poor rural communities. Data collected on the present use of traditional vegetables at a rural Xhosa village in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa documented indigenous practices of traditional vegetable use and measured attitudes and perceptions of young women. Findings revealed that although traditional vegetables are readily available, there is a decline in the use of traditional vegetables in this village. Since the loss of associated indigenous knowledge is a reality, and in view of the negative attitude towards traditional vegetables, future use of this valuable food source is threatened. The transfer of the associated indigenous knowledge holds the key to the potential future use of traditional vegetables. Altered perceptions of traditional vegetables are crucial for the conservation of the associated indigenous knowledge. As a result awareness campaigns to promote the use of traditional vegetables, related nutritional education, including proper cooking and preservation techniques are necessary. 相似文献
1000.
Joseph J. Esposito 《Publishing Research Quarterly》2011,27(1):13-18
The migration from print books to ebooks is more than a change of format; it is also the first step in an ongoing process,
whose final outcome is hard to predict. Ebooks are likely to lead to a restructuring of the industry by enabling cross-border
commerce. This in turn is likely to lead to difficult disputes over territorial rights. It appears probable that these disputes
will be resolved by an assertion of the dominance of the American market and the publishers that already serve it well, as
authors are likely to place their rights with practitioners in the largest markets. This in turn will lead to the acquisition
of many smaller “national” publishers, which cannot compete on a world stage with truly global publishers. But rather than
simply becoming sources of editorial product for American-based global marketing machines, smaller publishers operating in
different regions will respond through innovation, both in product design (attempting to do electronically what cannot be
done in print) and in developing new marketing plans that the giant publishers would be indisposed to pursue. 相似文献