Cyclic-anion salt for high-voltage stable potassium-metal batteries

Electrolyte anions are critical for achieving high-voltage stable potassium-metal batteries (PMBs). However, the common anions cannot simultaneously prevent the formation of ‘dead K’ and the corrosion of Al current collector, resulting in poor cycling stability. Here, we demonstrate cyclic anion of hexafluoropropane-1,3-disulfonimide-based electrolytes that can mitigate the ‘dead K’ and remarkably enhance the high-voltage stability of PMBs. Particularly, even using low salt concentration (0.8 M) and additive-free carbonate-based electrolytes, the PMBs with a high-voltage polyanion cathode (4.4 V) also exhibit excellent cycling stability of 200 cycles with a good capacity retention of 83%. This noticeable electrochemical performance is due to the highly efficient passivation ability of the cyclic anions on both anode and cathode surfaces. This cyclic-anion-based electrolyte design strategy is also suitable for lithium and sodium-metal battery technologies.     

以科研为基础革新大学物理教学内容

本文根据大学物理课程的教学实践,分别从更新观念、改革教材、整合教学内容、科研是教学内容改革的基础等方面,探讨了进行教学内容改革的方法和体会。     

贵阳医学院电子阅览室学生利用情况的调查分析

对贵阳医学院电子阅览室学生利用情况进行了为期半年的调查,指出在服务工作中有许多需要改进的地方,提出了相应的改进措施。     

实质损害原则——美国信息隐私保护利益平衡原则

欧盟平衡个人信息隐私权和公共利益的原则是充分利益原则,只有在证明公共利益是充分必要时,才能适当减损个人信息隐私权;美国则更为重视信息自由流动的价值意义,在平衡个人信息隐私权与公共利益的冲突时,采取实质损害原则,保护个人信息隐私免于披露必须证明披露信息对个人造成实质损害或实质损害的威胁。本文在分析我国建设征信体系时所处的背景及所面临的主要矛盾后,建议借鉴美国信息隐私保护的利益平衡观,在个人信用信息的采集和利用方面,采取“宽进严出”的方式。     

老年人信息素养的实证分析——基于上海市2399个样本的调查

在人口老龄化和社会信息化发展背景下,帮助老年人跨越数字鸿沟,需要从实际情况出发提升老年人信息素养。通过对上海市五个市辖区2399位老年人的信息素养现状和需求的调研发现,在信息意识方面,大部分老年人具有较强的信息意识,低学历老年人学习信息技术的主观意识较弱,老年人有意识使用信息技术的范围较为局限;在信息知识方面,老年人整体信息知识水平一般,信息技术原理性知识水平较差;在信息技能方面,老年人信息技术运用能力一般,探索性信息技能水平较差;在信息伦理方面,老年人信息伦理意识强、能力差,信息安全素养仍需提升。在信息素养需求方面,老年人信息素养需求与使用意识基本一致,信息素养提升路径呈多元化特征。为提高老年人信息素养,应进一步推进智慧应用场景建设,降低老年人学习中的畏难情绪;加强基础信息知识的掌握,推动老年人“进阶”学习;发挥老年大学教育优势,构建老年教育联动机制。     

以科研促进“土力学”实验教学的改革与实践

随着土工试验技术的发展,传统试验仪器很难满足当前"土力学"实验教学的需要,因此开展以科研促进"土力学"实验教学的改革与实践显得非常必要。依托科研项目和省重点实验,将先进试验仪器和实验方法引入实验教学实践当中、将最新的科研成果融入实验课的理论教学中。通过近两年实验教学的实践,指导学生获批国家级、省级和校级的大学生创新实验项目4项和获得优秀毕业设计荣誉称号2项,指导学生发表科研论文7篇,编写实验手册9本,制作实验教学课件5项。既达到了教学目标,又拓宽了学生视野,并显著提高了学生的科研基本素质、创新思维能力和综合解决问题的能力。实现了科研反哺教学,达到了教研相长的效果。     

Wigner函数的性质

在详细地介绍和讨论Wigner函数的性质的基础上,推导出了一维谐振子的基态、第一激发态和第二激发态的wigner函数并作出了它们的图像,且与相应的几率密度函数的图像做了比较。     

桂北罗汉果组培苗水田种植的理论依据及生态学意义

罗汉果在长期的个体发育过程中形成了对环境条件有一定要求,传统的罗汉果在天然林间伐的空地种植有许多不足,容易引起生态问题。最近几年随罗汉果组培苗在水田种植的成功推广,带动果农走向了致富之路。就生态保护和发展罗汉果经济而言,罗汉果下山转移到水田种植是对山区生态系统的协调保护和发展当地经济的好办法,原果地废弃后三到五年次生林数量显著增加,林下植物生长较快,土壤含水量及有机质有所提高。水土流失减少,滑坡危险系数减少,在罗汉果种植区有很好的可行性。     

创造性劳动与劳动价值论——对马克思劳动价值公式的补充

马克思的劳动价值理论深刻揭示了资本剥夺剩余价值的本质。但是随着创新型经济在人类经济活动中日益占据重要地位,有必要对创新性经济的价值来源——创造性劳动进行深入研究。本文认为科学技术是第一生产力,但科学技术是创造性劳动的产品,并不创造价值,创造价值的是创造性劳动。本文认为创造性劳动不同于复杂劳动,创造性劳动常常在极短的时间内耗费大量的劳动力,是一种难以换算为社会平均劳动时间的具有突发性与突变性特点的人类劳动,因此,应当在商品的劳动价值公式中增加创造性劳动的价值。     

A CRISPR/Cas12a-empowered surface plasmon resonance platform for rapid and specific diagnosis of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic was partially due to the challenge of identifying asymptomatic and presymptomatic carriers of the virus, and thus highlights a strong motivation for diagnostics with high sensitivity that can be rapidly deployed. On the other hand, several concerning SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron, are required to be identified as soon as the samples are identified as ‘positive’. Unfortunately, a traditional PCR test does not allow their specific identification. Herein, for the first time, we have developed MOPCS (Methodologies of Photonic CRISPR Sensing), which combines an optical sensing technology-surface plasmon resonance (SPR) with the ‘gene scissors’ clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) technique to achieve both high sensitivity and specificity when it comes to measurement of viral variants. MOPCS is a low-cost, CRISPR/Cas12a-system-empowered SPR gene-detecting platform that can analyze viral RNA, without the need for amplification, within 38 min from sample input to results output, and achieve a limit of detection of 15 fM. MOPCS achieves a highly sensitive analysis of SARS-CoV-2, and mutations appear in variants B.1.617.2 (Delta), B.1.1.529 (Omicron) and BA.1 (a subtype of Omicron). This platform was also used to analyze some recently collected patient samples from a local outbreak in China, identified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This innovative CRISPR-empowered SPR platform will further contribute to the fast, sensitive and accurate detection of target nucleic acid sequences with single-base mutations.