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991.
Nicholas Popper 《Archival Science》2010,10(3):249-266
This article investigates the long-term transformations in England’s documentary storage regime wrought by the Reformation.
Henry VIII’s Dissolution of the Monasteries famously resulted in the dispersal and destruction of many medieval texts and
records, but he and his successors sponsored efforts to retrieve lost materials, which they then used in the formation of
ecclesiastical policy. Elizabethan counselors expanded the scope of this project, applying their expertise in gathering records
to secular issues and assiduously preserving their own documents. During James I’s reign, the Earl of Salisbury’s patronage
gave new authority to the State Paper Office, encouraging the consolidation of a centralizing archive that integrated earlier
methods of collection, preservation, and indexing in its operation and construction. The article thus offers an analytic trajectory
tying the practices of Reformation to the development of expanding national archives in the seventeenth century. 相似文献
992.
Timothy John Lovering 《Archival Science》2010,10(1):1-23
Recordkeeping in twentieth century colonial states has been ignored by scholars, or at best regarded as the result of a monolithic
process of migration of metropolitan practices. Registries provided the principal organ of recordkeeping in British government
systems of administration. This comparative study of the registries in the neighbouring territories of Northern Rhodesia (now
Zambia) and Nyasaland (now Malawi) reveals the true extent of metropolitan British influence, exposing an absence of centralised
advice, and a consequent dependence upon individual innovation. This engendered divergent and sometimes weak recordkeeping
regimes. The effects of this included the diminution of fiduciary responsibility and administrative accountability. 相似文献
993.
Recently direct optimization of information retrieval (IR) measures has become a new trend in learning to rank. In this paper,
we propose a general framework for direct optimization of IR measures, which enjoys several theoretical advantages. The general
framework, which can be used to optimize most IR measures, addresses the task by approximating the IR measures and optimizing
the approximated surrogate functions. Theoretical analysis shows that a high approximation accuracy can be achieved by the
framework. We take average precision (AP) and normalized discounted cumulated gains (NDCG) as examples to demonstrate how
to realize the proposed framework. Experiments on benchmark datasets show that the algorithms deduced from our framework are
very effective when compared to existing methods. The empirical results also agree well with the theoretical results obtained
in the paper. 相似文献
994.
995.
Jovan Pehcevski James A. Thom Anne-Marie Vercoustre Vladimir Naumovski 《Information Retrieval》2010,13(5):568-600
Entity ranking has recently emerged as a research field that aims at retrieving entities as answers to a query. Unlike entity
extraction where the goal is to tag names of entities in documents, entity ranking is primarily focused on returning a ranked
list of relevant entity names for the query. Many approaches to entity ranking have been proposed, and most of them were evaluated
on the INEX Wikipedia test collection. In this paper, we describe a system we developed for ranking Wikipedia entities in
answer to a query. The entity ranking approach implemented in our system utilises the known categories, the link structure
of Wikipedia, as well as the link co-occurrences with the entity examples (when provided) to retrieve relevant entities as
answers to the query. We also extend our entity ranking approach by utilising the knowledge of predicted classes of topic
difficulty. To predict the topic difficulty, we generate a classifier that uses features extracted from an INEX topic definition
to classify the topic into an experimentally pre-determined class. This knowledge is then utilised to dynamically set the
optimal values for the retrieval parameters of our entity ranking system. Our experiments demonstrate that the use of categories
and the link structure of Wikipedia can significantly improve entity ranking effectiveness, and that topic difficulty prediction
is a promising approach that could also be exploited to further improve the entity ranking performance. 相似文献
996.
Andrew Weinstein 《Publishing Research Quarterly》2010,26(1):11-15
Forecasts indicate a growing demand for digital content around the world. Converting to digital content can open up countless new revenue possibilities. Adding alternate channels may be worth consideration, but what are the options and what does it take to utilize them effectively? This article explores the opportunities that potentially exist for publishers with content that may be digitized and distributed to global markets. A brief review of the current marketplace is also incorporated, including current players and trends. Finally, an analysis of some of the potential issues, challenges and pitfalls is presented in context of delving into a new international digital content distribution strategy. 相似文献
997.
Bing Bai Jason Weston David Grangier Ronan Collobert Kunihiko Sadamasa Yanjun Qi Olivier Chapelle Kilian Weinberger 《Information Retrieval》2010,13(3):291-314
In this article we present Supervised Semantic Indexing which defines a class of nonlinear (quadratic) models that are discriminatively
trained to directly map from the word content in a query-document or document-document pair to a ranking score. Like Latent
Semantic Indexing (LSI), our models take account of correlations between words (synonymy, polysemy). However, unlike LSI our
models are trained from a supervised signal directly on the ranking task of interest, which we argue is the reason for our
superior results. As the query and target texts are modeled separately, our approach is easily generalized to different retrieval
tasks, such as cross-language retrieval or online advertising placement. Dealing with models on all pairs of words features
is computationally challenging. We propose several improvements to our basic model for addressing this issue, including low
rank (but diagonal preserving) representations, correlated feature hashing and sparsification. We provide an empirical study
of all these methods on retrieval tasks based on Wikipedia documents as well as an Internet advertisement task. We obtain
state-of-the-art performance while providing realistically scalable methods. 相似文献
998.
Training and psychosocial patterns during the early development of Portuguese national team athletes
This study explored the early development of expert athletes compared to a group of athletes that did not achieve an expert level of performance despite being involved in youth events with their national squads. In particular, the activities, training patterns, and psychosocial influences that characterized their paths in competitive sports were examined. Male and female participants (N?=?42) from different sports were interviewed. Overall, athletes showed several commonalities. However, experts were selected to national squads later and also started thinking about investing in becoming elite athletes later. Non-experts revealed more parental pressure and less individual training with coaches. 相似文献
999.
Barbara Kensington-Miller Joanna Renc-Roe Susan Morón-García 《International Journal for Academic Development》2013,18(3):279-290
This paper builds on discussions of academic developers’ identity experienced as a discomfiting, troubled, and often marginal space. Three experienced academic developers, located in research-intensive institutions in three different countries, using auto-ethnographic writing and a shared narrative inquiry, explore moments of congruence and conflict. While there are elements that sustain them in their job, the categorisation of their role can impact on their ability to do their job, undermining their credibility. This can prevent them from engaging in research that could enrich practice in their institutions and inform institutional strategy or change the culture in teaching and learning. Instead they are forced into discomfit: having to defend their right to be involved in the institutional discussions. The most worrying issue is the pervasive trend in the change of academic developers’ status (from tenure-track academic peers to professionals). 相似文献
1000.
Rosario López Gavira 《International Journal of Inclusive Education》2013,17(4):365-378
This paper pertains to a broader biographical-narrative research project which studies barriers and support as identified by students with disabilities at a Spanish University (Barriers and Support That Disabled Students Identify in the University. Project funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Dir. Dr Anabel Moriña; Ref. EDU 2010–16264, 2010–2014)). The present study focuses specifically on barriers and support identified by students with disabilities enrolled in undergraduate programmes in the Social Sciences and Law. The purpose of this paper is to analyse, from the point of view of disabled students (applying the biographic-narrative methodology), which barriers and which support this group encounters in Higher Education. To this end, findings are organised in the following categories: general institutional data; infrastructure, architectural and accessibility-related data; faculty and teaching-related data; data relating to fellow students; and suggestions for improving the university and/or university classrooms. In the Conclusions section, we return to our earlier discussion of key findings which shed some light on how the University helps or hinders learning among participants in the study. From this perspective, taking as a reference the social model of disability, we conclude that in order to be inclusive, the University needs to commit itself to adopting proactive measures that eliminate the barriers that do not permit the learning and the full participation of the students in question. 相似文献