The quiz program: A network television staple

The quiz program has received considerable comment in recent weeks, so this article by Patrick E. Welch is particularly appropriate at this time. The article is based upon a chapter in Mr. Welch's PhD. dissertation, “The Development of Audience Participation Programs on Radio and Television Networks Through the Season of 1956–57.”;     

Measurement of contact forces on a kayak ergometer with a sliding footrest–seat complex

Kinematic analysis is done by measurement of the position of bodies, followed by differentiation to get the accelerations of the centres of mass, and it is widely used in sport research. Another common approach is to measure the forces directly. Our intention here is to perform both a kinematic and a kinetic analysis of the same athlete-equipment system, in this case an athlete on a sliding kayak ergometer, with the aim of exploring the errors that may occur with each measurement type. The kayak ergometer with a sliding trolley, instrumented by seven uniaxial force sensors and two goniometers, was placed in a filming area. The instrumentation was validated in the direction of the anteroposterior axis using Newton’s second law. Ten athletes paddled at 92 strokes per minute, following a stationary phase. The comparison between the net force and the time-derivative of the linear momentum indicated a friction level of about 20 N between the trolley and the frame. Other errors came mainly from the inertial parameters of the trunk. A first analysis of contact forces shows a large inter-subject variability, in particular for the forces applied to the footrest and the seat.     

Biochemical studies of soy bean milk and chicken protein

Soy bean milk, prepared in the Korean manner, had approximately the same protein content as cow milk. The other nutrient compounds were present in soy bean milk to a lesser extent than in cow milk.Soy bean milk curdled spontaneously at a lower acidity than cow milk. However, the same period of time was required for spontaneous curdling.In the feeding experiments, the ration containing soy bean milk produced gain in weight less rapidly than the ration containing cow milk, and with less efficiency, i.e., with the consumption of more ration per unit of gain in weight.In feeding experiments, chicken protein was found to be a less efficient protein than casein.     

Teachers' referral of children with mental health problems: A study of primary schools in Hong Kong

Teachers of a representative sample of 914 children ranging in age from 6 to 12, selected from primary schools in Hong Kong, were asked to fill in the Conners Teacher's Rating Scale (CTRS). Two months later, they were asked to decide whether these children had behavioural or emotional problems that required referring to helping professionals, assuming that resources were unlimited. Out of the total of 240 teachers, 222 responded, giving a final sample of 874 children representing 95.6% of the original sample. A total of 55 students were reconsidered as requiring referral, giving a referral rate of 6.3%, which was probably a conservative estimation. The referred had significantly higher CTRS total and subscale scores (except for the anxiety/tension subscale) when compared with the nonreferred. The various factors affecting teachers' referral were examined. Referrals based on CTRS scores and the teachers' judgement probably represent two different frames of reference. Some practical ways to help the teachers in deciding whether to refer will be useful. Rating scales may be a useful guide, the CTRS being one of them.