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151.
Critics of school choice argue that cream-skimming will worsen outcomes for those left behind in public schools. Since “high ability” families may have already sorted themselves out of the schools in question, this paper will examine whether existing within-school heterogeneity leaves any scope for cream-skimming to operate. It asks, “given the current level of within-school heterogeneity, how strong would peer effects have to be to significantly worsen outcomes for those left behind?” In order for cream-skimming to lower math test scores by one half-year's progress, the peer effect would have to be as strong as increasing class sizes by 8–20 students, or cutting per-student funding by $400–2000. These results indicate that current levels of within-school heterogeneity are so low that peer effects would have to be unrealistically strong to give cream-skimming any bite. 相似文献
152.
Dr. Patrick Bühler 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2010,13(3):437-450
For the past two hundred years in German educational science the ‘maths lesson’ of Plato’s Meno has received attention – always to be celebrated as a masterpiece of Socratic teaching. Yet, by taking only the ‘maths lesson’ into account the negative ending of Meno is overlooked. Thus, because generally the ‘maths lesson’ is used as an example for a positive Socratic maieutic teaching method, a second possible medical, ‘therapeutic’ link between a midwife, with which Socrates compares himself in Plato’s Theaetetus, and a torpedo fish, with which he equates himself in Meno, is usually overlooked. 相似文献
153.
Noel Patrick O’Connell 《British Journal of Religious Education》2018,40(1):84-92
This ethnographic study examines deaf people’s experience of the Roman Catholic Sacrament of Confession in two Catholic schools for deaf children in the Republic of Ireland from 1950 to 1990. The article fills a gap in Catholic deaf education literature that fails to uncover the experiences of deaf children. It provides space for their storied lives based on a total of 10 loosely structured individual interviews conducted with a purposeful sample of deaf adult participants who were past pupils of Catholic schools. Using ethnographic data, the study illuminates the views of participants concerning the learning obstacles created by a school policy dominated by oralism which prohibited use of Irish Sign Language. The article uncovers children’s experiences of the Sacrament of Penance for disobeying classroom rules against signing. Participants found their schooling experiences exemplify notions of stigma and stereotyping. As children, their response was to either subvert or submit to their school’s policy and religious practice. The findings make a useful contribution to current debates on language issues pertaining to teaching, learning and communication in deaf education. This paper concludes that, although heavily stigmatised in the past, Irish Sign Language has an important role in cultivating equitable access to Religious Education. 相似文献
154.
Sarah Ovink Demetra Kalogrides Megan Nanney Patrick Delaney 《Research in higher education》2018,59(5):553-590
Recently, multiple studies have focused on the phenomenon of “undermatching”—when students attend a college for which they are overqualified, as measured by test scores and grades. The extant literature suggests that students who undermatch fail to maximize their potential. However, gaps remain in our knowledge about how student preferences—such as a desire to attend college close to home—influence differential rates of undermatching. Moreover, previous research has not directly tested whether and to what extent students who undermatch experience more negative post-college outcomes than otherwise similar students who attend “match” colleges. Using ELS:2002, we find that student preferences for low-cost, nearby colleges, particularly among low-income students, are associated with higher rates of undermatching even among students who are qualified to attend a “very selective” institution. However, this relationship is weakened when students live within 50 miles of a match college, demonstrating that proximity matters. Our results show that attending a selective postsecondary institution does influence post-college employment and earnings, with less positive results for students who undermatch as compared with peers who do not. Our findings demonstrate the importance of non-academic factors in shaping college decisions and post-college outcomes, particularly for low-income students. 相似文献
155.
Enda F. Whyte Patrick Kennelly Oliver Milton Chris Richter Siobhán O’Connor Kieran A. Moran 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2018,17(4):541-553
The effectiveness of vertical drop jumps (VDJs) to screen for non-contact ACL injuries is unclear. This may be contributed to by discrete point analysis, which does not evaluate patterns of movement. Also, limited research exists on the second landing of VDJs, potential lower limb performance asymmetries and the effect of fatigue. Statistical parametric mapping investigated the main effects of landing, limb dominance and a high intensity, intermittent exercise protocol (HIIP) on VDJ biomechanics. Twenty-two male athletes (21.9 ± 1.1 years, 180.5 ± 5.5 cm, 79.4 ± 7.8 kg) performed VDJs pre- and post-HIIP. Repeated measures ANOVA identified pattern differences during the eccentric phases of the first and second landings bilaterally. The first landing displayed greater (internal) knee flexor (η2 = 0.165), external rotator (η2 = 0.113) and valgus (η2 = 0.126) moments and greater hip (η2 = 0.062) and knee (η2 = 0.080) flexion. The dominant limb generated greater knee flexor (η2 = 0.062), external rotator (η2 = 0.110) and valgus (η2 = 0.065) moments. The HIIP only had one effect, increased thoracic flexion relative to the pelvis (η2 = 0.088). Finally, the dominant limb demonstrated greater knee extensor moments during the second landing (η2 = 0.100). ACL injury risk factors were present in both landings of VDJs with the dominant limb at potentially greater injury risk. Therefore, VDJ screenings should analyse both landings bilaterally. 相似文献
156.
Tammy J. Bishop Nara Martirosyan D. Patrick Saxon Forrest Lane 《Community College Journal of Research & Practice》2018,42(10):712-723
In 2009, the North Carolina Community College System (NCCCS) began the process of redesigning developmental mathematics (DMA) courses. The first classes were offered in 2012 with final state implementation in fall 2013. The purpose of this study was to examine the subsequent gateway course success rates achieved by former DMA students in relation to the delivery method (i.e., teacher-centered, student-centered, and computer-centered) used in the redesigned North Carolina DMA courses. Students included in this study took a gateway math course and a developmental math course during the same or previous academic year. Students who participated in student-centered and computer-centered instruction in their DMA course had a statistically significant pass rate in subsequent gateway courses compared with students receiving teacher-centered instruction. Along with the findings, this paper discusses considerations for redesign, including the choice of delivery methods and instructional techniques, and recommendations for further research. 相似文献
157.
本文从管理学和政策学的视角,探讨了公立学校教师薪酬改革的问题.文章在回溯了教师薪酬制度历史沿革的基础上,分析了当前教师薪酬体制的结构及其对个人和组织层面的消极后果.作者认为,绩效工资改革是增强学校效能、促进学生成绩提高的有效途径;改革的未来取决于一系列多变因素之间的复杂互动,而系统的整合与协调是确保绩效工资计划有效并持久推进的关键. 相似文献
158.
Ina James Andy Smith Teena Smith Edward Kirby Philippa Press Patrick Doherty 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):753-758
Abstract Pedometers have been identified as a tool for health professionals to promote physical activity. This study, which aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of wearing a pedometer on general practitioners' attitudes to promoting physical activity, was a pragmatic, multi-centred, randomized controlled trial within a primary care trust in England. The participants were 102 general practitioners (GPs). Eighty-five (48 males, 37 females) of the GPs completed pre and post questionnaires, 43 of whom were in the intervention group. Statistical analysis revealed no significant changes between the control and intervention groups for attitude to engage in physical activity (t 83 = 1.13, CI ?0.362 to 0.099) or attitude to promote physical activity in their patients (t 83 = 1.7, CI ?0.593 to 0.045). A higher volume of walking was significantly correlated with a more positive attitude to engage in physical activity (r = 0.58, P < 0.01) but not with a more positive attitude to promoting physical activity. Wearing a pedometer had no significant effect on GPs' attitudes to engaging in physical activity or promoting physical activity in their patients. 相似文献
159.
Janina Burschka Dr. Peter Kuhn PD Dr. Uwe Menge Prof. Dr. Patrick Oschmann 《Sportwissenschaft》2013,43(3):181-196
This article examines the content and methodology of studies on Tai Chi as a sport in health care. We investigate the concept behind the rather simple name “Tai Chi,” concluding that this concept is manifold and highly variable. How did researchers deal with this variability when studying the effects of Tai Chi as a health-care intervention? We then explore how scientific research on Tai Chi has been conducted to date and draw the interim conclusion that the variability was barely taken into consideration. Our analysis of seven Tai Chi interventions reveals that two interventions referred to as Tai Chi may differ considerably in their content. The variability poses difficulty in repeating the intervention and drawing causal inferences. This problem is discussed in the current literature under the term “complexity in health-care interventions.” On the basis of a summary of this debate, we discuss the challenge of researching Tai Chi from a complex perspective—with the aim of achieving solid results that can be repeated. 相似文献
160.
Patrick Mignon 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(2):227-245
Susan Brownell, Training the Body for China: Sport in the Moral Order of the People's Republic (Chicago: the University of Chicago Press, 1995). Pp.339, illustrations, index. $18.95. ISBN 0–226–07647–4. Donald G. Jones, with Elaine L. Daly, Sports Ethics in America: A Bibliography, 1970–1990 (Series: Bibliographies and Indexes in American History, No.21). (Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, 1992). Pp.xxii + 291. $55.00. ISBN 0–313–27767–2. Comité National Olympique et Sportif Français, Pour un humanisme du sport. Après un siècle d'Olympisme (Paris, CNOSF‐Editions Revue EPS, 1994). Pp.254. Youcef Fates, Sport et Tiers‐Monde (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1994). Collection Pratiques corporelles. Pp.214. Nick Evangelista (ed.), The Encyclopedia of the Sword (Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1995). Pp.xxiv + 690. $79.50. ISBN 0–313–27896–2. George B. Kirsch (ed.), Sports in North America: A Documentary History. Vol. 4, Sports in War, Revival and Expansion, 1860–1880. Gulf Breeze, FL: Academic International Press, 1995. Pp.xvi + 402, bibliography. ISBN 0–87569–135–8. Eric M. Leifer, Making the Majors: The Transformation of Team Sports in America (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1995). Pp.xiv + 377. David L. Porter (ed.), African‐American Sports Greats: A Biographical Dictionary (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press). Pp.ix + 429. $59.95. ISBN 0–313–28987–5. Sol White, History of Colored Baseball: with other documents on the early Black Game, 1886–1936, introduced by Jerry Malloy (University of Nebraska Press, a Bison Book, 1996). Pp.187. $12.00. ISBN 0–8032–9783–1. Steve Fireovid and Mark Winegardner, The 26th Man: One Minor League Pitcher's Pursuit of a Dream. (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, a Bison Book, 1991). Pp.236. $12.95. ISBN 0–8032–6891–2. Donald J. Ross, Golf Has Never Failed Me: The Lost Commentaries of Legendary Golf Architect Donald J. Ross (Chelsea, MI: Sleeping Bear Press, 1996). Pp.xi + 251, Illustrations, photographs. $29.95. ISBN 1–886947–1‐4. Sidney Lewis Matthew, Life and Times of Bobby Jones (Chelsea, MI: Sleeping Bear Press, 1995), photographs, illustrations, letters. $49.95. ISBN 1–886947–02–3. Curt Sampson, Hogan (Nashville: Rutledge Hill Press, 1996). Pp.ix + 251, photographs, bibliography, index. $24.95. ISBN 1–55853–387–7. Andrew Ritchie, Major Taylor: The Extraordinary Career of a Champion Bicycle Racer (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996). Pp.303. $15.95. ISBN 0–80188–5303–6. Scott Martin, Killing Time: Leisure and Culture in South Western Pennsylvania 1800–1850 (University of Pittsburgh Press, 1995). $29.95. ISBN 0–8229–3916–9. Joseph Oxendine, American Indian Sports Heritage (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1995; first published in 1988 with Human Kinetics Books). $16.95 (paperback). ISBN 0–8032–8609–0. 相似文献