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61.
Two large independent sources of data, NSF's University Science Statistics Program Integrated Data Base and CHI Research's bibliometric data base, are brought together in a comprehensive study of the relationships among research resources, as measured by R&D expenditures, and research output, as measured by the quantity and visibility of scientific journal articles. The study is based on approximately 500 U.S. colleges and universities. For each of 11 fields of science, there is strong indication of a linear relationship between R&D expenditures and number of papers. The evidence also indicates a positive relationship between number of cites received per paper and number of papers published, but only for papers published in the basic research journals of the fields of chemistry, physics, and biology. 相似文献
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The twenty-first century has seen unprecedented investment from governments around the world in educational technologies in schools. This paper investigates Australian teachers’ adoption and use of a popular technology that has been extensively supported by governments and school systems: the interactive whiteboard (IWB). The study suggests that a number of the barriers identified in the early days of adoption and use of this technology, such as professional support and access, still remain for many teachers, thereby impeding effective practices. The research also found that primary school teachers were using the technology in diverse ways, in contrast to secondary teachers who were using the IWB mainly for instructionist, presentational purposes. We conclude by considering various ways of reducing the effect of the identified barriers to support implementation of educational technologies in the classroom, especially the next generation of technologies promoted by governments and systems. 相似文献
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Marvin J. Westwood W. Scott Lawrence David Paul 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》1986,9(3):221-230
A visitor to a new country is assaulted by many changes, both environmental and cultural. Expecting things to be different the visitor is shocked by what he/she finds, thus the term culture shock. A second shock, possibly more traumatic, awaits the international sojourner upon his or her arrival home. The experiences of the returnee typically do not match his or her expectations. Frequently, the individual returning home is not anticipating adjustment difficulties. Compounding the problem is the fact that re-entry has not been widely recognized or researched and thus, little has been done to help individuals to prepare for it.Focusing on international students, who by definition return home, this paper refers to a wide range of social, cultural, political, educational and professional difficulties. The many variables which determine the extent of re-entry shock are identified and discussed. A group program is suggested as one strategy for assisting those about to return home. The results of a pilot study of such a program illustrate how it can be a powerful force to minimize the disorientation and shock of re-entry.This paper serves as a challenge to all those who are responsible or work with international students. Re-entry preparation is also a prerequisite if individuals, institutions, corporations, home countries and host countries are to maximize the benefits and minimize the problems of studying or working abroad. 相似文献
66.
Silva KM Spinrad TL Eisenberg N Sulik MJ Valiente C Huerta S Edwards A Eggum ND Kupfer AS Lonigan CJ Phillips BM Wilson SB Clancy-Menchetti J Landry SH Swank PR Assel MA Taylor HB;School Readiness Consortium 《Early education and development》2011,22(3):434-460
RESEARCH FINDINGS: The purpose of this study was to examine the relations of children's effortful control and quality of relationships with teachers to school attitudes longitudinally in an ethnically diverse and economically disadvantaged sample. Data were collected as part of a larger intervention project during mid-fall, winter, and late spring (ns = 823, 722, and 758, respectively) for 2 cohorts of 3- to 5-year-olds (collected during 2 different school years). Children's effortful control was assessed in the fall with parents' and teachers' reports and 2 behavioral measures. Teacher-child relationship quality was assessed mid-year with teachers' reports of closeness and conflict. Attitudes toward school were assessed in late spring using teachers' and students' reports of school avoidance and liking. Effortful control, in general, was positively correlated with teacher-child closeness and school liking and negatively correlated with conflict and school avoidance. Using structural equation modeling and controlling for sex and ethnicity, we found that effortful control was positively related to teacher-child relationship quality, which in turn was positively related to school attitudes. Furthermore, the relation of effortful control to school attitudes was mediated by teacher-child relationship quality. PRACTICE OR POLICY: Results provide evidence for the importance of relational processes that take place within the classroom context and have implications for teachers and clinicians working to increase school success in ethnic minority and low-income children. 相似文献
67.
Paul Kim Teresita Hagashi Laura Carillo Irina Gonzales Tamas Makany Bommi Lee Alberto Gàrate 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2011,59(4):465-486
Mobile devices are highly portable, easily distributable, substantially affordable, and have the potential to be pedagogically
complementary resources in education. This study, incorporating mixed method analyses, discusses the implications of a mobile
learning technology-based learning model in two public primary schools near the Mexico-USA border in the state of Baja California,
Mexico. One school was located in an urban slum and the other in a rural village community. Empirical and ethnographic data
were collected through a series of achievement tests, observations, surveys, and interviews involving 160 s grade school children
recruited by convenience sampling. The general technology infrastructure, distinctive features of mobile learning to supplement
literacy development, profound contextual phenomena arising from the two uniquely underserved communities, and social factors
possibly influencing the educational experiences are discussed. The findings suggest that students in the rural village, seriously
lacking educational resources and technology exposure, may have benefited substantially more from mobile technologies than
urban school students possibly due to their relatively higher socio-economic status and higher parental involvement and interest
in education. In contrast, there was no evidence of interaction with parental education levels, the experience of teachers
or school principals, or the teacher’s perception or preparation of the technology. Overall, the mobile learning technology
adoption was rapid, seamless, and actively driven by the students rather than the teacher. The challenges of the phenomenal
migratory nature of most families in this unique geographical region are also discussed to benefit future studies. 相似文献
68.
Karel Kreijns Paul A. Kirschner Wim Jochems Hans van Buuren 《Education and Information Technologies》2011,16(4):365-381
Social presence—the degree to which ‘the other’ in a communication appears to be a ‘real’ person—has captured the attention
of those dealing with learning in groups through computer-supported collaborative learning environments. The concept is important
because it affects participation and social interaction, both necessary for effective collaboration and knowledge construction.
This article reports on the construction and validation of a self-reporting (Dutch-language) Social Presence Scale to determine
perceived social presence in distributed learning groups using computer-supported collaborative learning environments. The
result is a one-dimensional scale consisting of five items with an internal consistency of .81. We used a nomological network
of similar constructs for further validation. The findings suggest that the Social Presence Scale has potential to be useful
as a measure for social presence. 相似文献
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