城市化倾向:少儿电视节目不容忽视的问题

目前，中央和地方电视台少儿频道及其他少儿节目呈现出一种明显的传播偏向，即城市化倾向严重，并且有扩大化的趋势。农村未成年人在少儿节目中普遍“失语”。从根本上说，少儿节目这种明显失衡的受众定位并不符合我国目前的国情。既然是少儿节目．就应为中国全体3.67亿少年儿童服务．而不只是为仅占其中20％的城市少年儿童服务．这是一个严肃的问题。在少儿频道壮大之际．我们尤应对此有深刻的认识．大力防止和遏制这种不良态势。本文拟对少儿频道及其他少儿电视节目的城市化倾向作较为深入的分析．并探讨扭转这一局面的可行性办法。     

我国信息资源共享实践及理论研究进展

本文通过回顾信息资源共享的历史发展,研究信息资源共享的实践和理论进展,提出了信息资源共享的关键和目前存在的问题     

中国西部民族地区出版物使用与效果的实证研究

文章用经验性的实证研究方法,以中国西部民族聚居区的出版物使用与效果的实际现状作为研究对象,调查、统计并梳理了当代出版及其出版物在该类地区的使用图景,客观反映了西部民族地区的人们因其经济、文化以及地理等方面的不同而体现出来的对图书、期刊、报纸等纸媒在内容选择上的种种差异.同时,试图回答出版物是如何影响西部社会的,它能做什么,以及怎么做才能更加有效等问题.     

我国期刊集群的研究进展与发展态势——基于共词分析方法

期刊集群是国际期刊业的重要发展趋势,也是提升我国期刊整体水平的正确方向,理解和把握期刊集群的研究热点和发展态势是做好期刊集群理论创新和实践应用的关键问题。基于共词分析法,研究我国期刊集群领域学术论文的整体概况、高频     

Health science libraries in Sweden: new directions,expanding roles

Librarians in Sweden are facing huge challenges in meeting the demands of their organisations and users. This article looks at four key areas: coping with open science/open access initiatives; increasing demands from researchers for support doing systematic reviews; understanding user experiences in Swedish health science libraries; and the consequences of expanding roles for recruitment and continuing professional development. With regard to changing roles, there is an increasing shift from the generalist towards the expert role. The authors raise the issue as to how to prepare those new to the profession to the changing environment of health science libraries.     

EFFECTS OF TEACHER–STUDENT RELATIONSHIPS ON PEER HARASSMENT: A MULTILEVEL STUDY

Peer harassment is a major social problem affecting children and adolescents internationally. Much research has focused on student‐to‐student harassment from either an individual or a multilevel perspective. There is a paucity of multilevel research on students’ relationships with the classroom teacher. The purpose of this study was to use a socioecological perspective to examine the relationships between individual student‐level characteristics, problematic teacher–student relationships, and student‐reported peer harassment. A total of 1,864 children (50.7% female) aged 8 to 13 years (M = 9.82, SD = 1.24), nested in 27 schools (58.2% public) in Spain, participated in the study. Ninety‐four homeroom teachers reported on teacher–student relationships, and students completed self‐report measures related to peer harassment and teacher–student relationships. Multilevel models showed that relationships between students and teachers exerted a varying degree of influence on classroom levels of peer harassment. Specifically, student‐reported teacher support was associated with diminished student‐reported peer victimization, whereas direct and indirect student‐reported teacher‐to‐student aggression was associated with increased peer victimization. Additionally, student‐reported student‐to‐teacher aggression and teacher‐to‐student aggression were associated with increased student‐reported peer aggression. Teacher‐reported variables at the classroom level, however, contributed little to student‐reported outcomes. Results are discussed in the context of future research on relationships between teachers and students.     

The Metamorphosis of Industrial Designers from Novices to Experts

Professional training for designers is crucial in the field of design studies. The characteristics of novices versus those of expert designers have been identified in the literature; however, studies exploring the issue of professional training processes in the actual workplace are not well developed. Our study addresses the topic by using qualitative research methods along with flexible design. Collected data from the interviewees with different work experience were analysed by open, axial and selective coding. Herein, we argue that the processes by which a designer transforms from a novice into an expert in the industry are constructed through the interaction of several complicated factors. The re‐learning inherent in design professions is implemented through knowledge transfer gained from participation in design projects, particularly regarding tacit knowledge. Also, the novice's process of learning and training yields the characteristics and skills that companies and firms require of designers; this process involves a series of disciplinary sub‐processes, from destructive to reconstructive, implemented by employers. In these sub‐processes, the subjectivity of designers is neglected, leading to the suppression of imaginative expression and feelings of alienation among these workers.     

A Situationist Lesson for Character Education: Re‐conceptualising the Inculcation of Virtues by Converting Local Virtues to More Global Ones

Inspired by the debate about character between situationism and virtue ethics, I argue that John Doris's idea, ‘local trait’, offers a fresh insight into contemporary character education. Its positive variant, ‘local virtue’, signals an inescapable relay station of the gradual development of virtue, and serves as a promising point of departure for advanced growth. The idea of converting local virtues to more global ones is accordingly proposed to represent an empirically more realistic way of conceiving how to approach the ethical ideal of global virtues. It helps to direct our gaze to the great intermediate developmental stages of virtue, which mark out a whole spectrum of virtues of varying degrees that fall short of full virtue. This new notion works together with the traditional Aristotelian account to provide a full account of how to effectively undertake the age‐old educational business of the inculcation of virtues.     

学生小组授课法在跨文化交际课程中的尝试

选修课程大多以合堂课的形式进行,教师讲授为主,学生的主动性与积极性难以激发,学习效果受到严重影响。本文笔者通过在跨文化交际课程中鼓励学生小组进行授课的形式,改变传统的教学模式,进而提高学生参与学习的主动性、积极性。     

近三十年彝族宗教崇拜观念研究综述

本文对彝族原始宗教信仰崇拜观念的研究成果进行了简单的梳理，同时探讨了彝族原始宗教研究的问题与今后的发展方向。希望可以为广大学者们日后更好地研究彝族原始宗教信仰提供参考。