Increasing evaluation sensitivity to diversity

Many queries have multiple interpretations; they are ambiguous or underspecified. This is especially true in the context of Web search. To account for this, much recent research has focused on creating systems that produce diverse ranked lists. In order to validate these systems, several new evaluation measures have been created to quantify diversity. Ideally, diversity evaluation measures would distinguish between systems by the amount of diversity in the ranked lists they produce. Unfortunately, diversity is also a function of the collection over which the system is run and a system’s performance at ad-hoc retrieval. A ranked list built from a collection that does not cover multiple subtopics cannot be diversified; neither can a ranked list that contains no relevant documents. To ensure that we are assessing systems by their diversity, we develop (1) a family of evaluation measures that take into account the diversity of the collection and (2) a meta-evaluation measure that explicitly controls for performance. We demonstrate experimentally that our new measures can achieve substantial improvements in sensitivity to diversity without reducing discriminative power.     

Foreign Cinema

Noel Burch, To the Distant Observer: Form and Meaning in the Japanese Cinema (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979 – $19.50/ $9.75)

Peter Cowie, Dutch Cinema: An Illustrated History (South Brunswick, New Jersey: A. S. Barnes, 1979–$12.00)

Documentary and Educational Films of the 1930s (244 pp.)

Films of Comment and Persuasion of the 1930s (256 pp.)

Peter Morris, Embattled Shadows: A History of Canadian Cinema, 1895-1939 (Montreal: McGill-Queens University Press, 1978–$19.95/$7.95)     

中国北方偏远地区农户作物的选择

遗传多样性保护对于全球农业发展至关重要,而有效的保护与农民对不同作物的种植选择关系密切.目前在中国北方偏远地区,农民仍以种植小杂粮为主,所采用品种多为具有广泛遗传多样性的地方品种.通过对该地区农民对不同品种小杂粮选择种植的调查,基于我们的作物选择模型,得出市场不完全和收入水平低是农民种植小杂粮作物的重要原因.建议政府在遗传多样性保护中发挥更重要的作用.     

重构职务专利归属制度

职务专利的归属立法关乎劳动者创造性的激励,对于我国实施创新驱动发展战略有着至关重要的作用。根据我国现行《专利法》,单位是职务专利的权利人;虽然该法律同时规定单位应当支付给发明、设计人一定的奖励或报酬,但对奖励和报酬的数额规定过低,这显然不利于劳动者创造性的激发。应当改革现有职务专利归属制度,综合平衡发明人利益、单位需求和专利效益最大化,赋予发明人部分专利权的同时,规定单位有发明人服务期间的排他使用权和发明人离职时的强制赎买权;同时,为了防止单位滥用自己作为雇主的优势地位损害发明人正当利益,应该对单位和发明人之间的约定加以限制。     

Virtual-reality exergaming improves performance during high-intensity interval training

Purpose: To determine if: (i) mean power output and enjoyment of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) are enhanced by virtual-reality (VR)-exergaming (track mode) compared to standard ergometry (blank mode), (ii) if mean power output of HIIT can be increased by allowing participants to race against their own performance (ghost mode) or by increasing the resistance (hard mode), without compromising exercise enjoyment.

Methods: Sixteen participants (8 males, 8 females, VO₂max: 41.2?±?10.8 ml^?1·kg^?1·min^?1) completed four VR-HIIT conditions in a partially-randomised cross-over study; (1a) blank, (1b) track, (2a) ghost, and (2b) hard. VR-HIIT sessions consisted of eight 60 s high-intensity intervals at a resistance equivalent to 70% (77% for hard) maximum power output (P_MAX), interspersed by 60 s recovery intervals at 12.5% P_MAX, at a self-selected cadence. Expired gases were collected and VO₂ measured continuously. Post-exercise questionnaires were administered to identify differences in indices related to intrinsic motivation, subjective vitality, and future exercise intentions.

Results: Enjoyment was higher for track vs. blank (difference: 0.9; 95% CI: 0.6, 1.3) with no other differences between conditions. There was no difference in mean power output for track vs. blank, however it was higher for track vs. ghost (difference: 5 Watts; CI: 3, 7), and hard vs. ghost (difference: 19 Watts; 95% CI: 15, 23).

Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that VR-exergaming is an effective intervention to increase enjoyment during a single bout of HIIT in untrained individuals. The presence of a ghost may be an effective method to increase exercise intensity of VR-HIIT.     

跨文化吸收能力对国际并购绩效的影响分析

跨国并购已成为企业提升核心能力、应对复杂经济环境挑战的重要战略选择。但由于文化差异、技术知识的特性等因素的影响,能否有效地进行技术知识的转移成为技术导向型跨国并购能否成功的关键问题。本文从企业微观角度出发,采用单案例探索性研究方法,结合跨国并购的阶段理论,探讨了跨文化吸收能力与并购绩效的关系及作用机理。研究发现,跨文化吸收能力的构成维度识别能力、消化能力、整合能力、持续创新能力在并购的不同阶段体现各异,并通过不同的途径影响跨国并购绩效。