全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4590篇 |
免费 | 51篇 |
国内免费 | 10篇 |
专业分类
教育 | 3431篇 |
科学研究 | 243篇 |
各国文化 | 43篇 |
体育 | 409篇 |
综合类 | 3篇 |
文化理论 | 62篇 |
信息传播 | 460篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 27篇 |
2021年 | 44篇 |
2020年 | 59篇 |
2019年 | 113篇 |
2018年 | 144篇 |
2017年 | 152篇 |
2016年 | 147篇 |
2015年 | 99篇 |
2014年 | 120篇 |
2013年 | 941篇 |
2012年 | 131篇 |
2011年 | 128篇 |
2010年 | 149篇 |
2009年 | 136篇 |
2008年 | 147篇 |
2007年 | 145篇 |
2006年 | 108篇 |
2005年 | 95篇 |
2004年 | 100篇 |
2003年 | 82篇 |
2002年 | 96篇 |
2001年 | 66篇 |
2000年 | 107篇 |
1999年 | 74篇 |
1998年 | 74篇 |
1997年 | 63篇 |
1996年 | 73篇 |
1995年 | 57篇 |
1994年 | 67篇 |
1993年 | 63篇 |
1992年 | 49篇 |
1991年 | 70篇 |
1990年 | 51篇 |
1989年 | 47篇 |
1988年 | 37篇 |
1987年 | 45篇 |
1986年 | 45篇 |
1985年 | 43篇 |
1984年 | 47篇 |
1983年 | 40篇 |
1982年 | 31篇 |
1981年 | 35篇 |
1980年 | 30篇 |
1979年 | 24篇 |
1978年 | 33篇 |
1977年 | 38篇 |
1976年 | 27篇 |
1975年 | 22篇 |
1974年 | 23篇 |
1972年 | 15篇 |
排序方式: 共有4651条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
941.
Understanding the quality of science systems requires international comparative studies, which are difficult because of the lack of comparable data especially about inputs in research. In this study, we deploy an approach based on change instead of on levels of inputs and outputs: an approach that to a large extent eliminates the problem of measurement differences between countries. We firstly show that there are large differences in efficiency between national science systems, defined as the increase in output (highly cited papers) per percentage increase in input (funding). We then discuss our findings using popular explanations of performance differences: differences in funding systems (performance related or not), differences in the level of competition, differences in the level of university autonomy, and differences in the level of academic freedom. Interestingly, the available data do not support these common explanations. What the data suggest is that efficient systems are characterized by a well-developed ex post evaluation system combined with considerably high institutional funding and relatively low university autonomy (meaning a high autonomy of professionals). On the other hand, the less efficient systems have a strong ex ante control, either through a high level of so-called competitive project funding, or through strong power of the university management. Another conclusion is that more and better data are needed. 相似文献
942.
943.
944.
Peter Sachsenmeier 《欧洲师范教育杂志》1978,1(4):241-256
Lifelong education is getting more and more into the centre of general interest. Small wonder that lifelong education for teachers is a widely discussed subject in circles of teacher education, like the ATEE. By taking up this issue from a somewhat more global point of view Peter Sachsenmeier gives a valuable contribution to those discussions, which seem to form the means by which we–teacher educators–realise our own lifelong education. 相似文献
945.
Institution-wide planning, to be effective, must have the support of key administrators. Presidents, vice-presidents, deans, and directors must feel that sufficient consensus can be reached on explicit goals to make comprehensive planning possible and worthwhile. While much has been written about the importance of CEO leadership in gaining broad support for planning, little has been said about the role of the chief planning officer in this regard. This paper, based on a national survey of administrators' views of planning, studies the relationship between having a chief planning officer and administrators' perceptions of campus planning. Its intended audience includes all those interested in institutional planning.Presented at the Thirty-first Annual Forum of the Association for Institutional Research, San Francisco, May 26–29, 1991. 相似文献
946.
Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland and Iceland: these are the Nordic countries, the Five Swans. This article covers main Nordic
guidance issues with characteristic examples from the various countries under the headings of Professionalisation, Guidance
Policies, Activities, Staff and professional background, Linkages, and Materials and ICT.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
947.
Talea Anderson Annie Gaines Chelsea Leachman Evan Peter Williamson 《The Reference Librarian》2017,58(4):257-277
As open education initiatives aiming to lower the cost of course materials appeared at two universities, librarians became involved in identifying open educational resources (OERs) for university courses. However, when considering a number of subject areas—particularly in colleges focused on upper-division instruction—librarians encountered problems related to the availability of resources and materials selection processes. For this project, librarians selected one prominent subject area at their respective institutions—engineering—and worked to identify best practices for introducing OERs into courses. They surveyed engineering faculty and instructors to better understand their perceptions and needs related to OERs and, based on this work, they suggest best practices for liaison librarians in specialized fields who wish to incorporate OERs into their outreach work with a focus on upper-division courses. 相似文献
948.
949.
An examination is reported of the effect of differences in reading strategies on the construction of meaning from novel length text. Following a brief review of psychological theory relevant to the question of how particular strategies could constrain meaning construction, specific differences are hypothesised in relation to Orwell's classic tale, Animal Farm. The results of an experimental examination using post‐graduate Diploma in Education students as subjects, and multidimensional scaling as the analytic technique, support the contention that reading strategies are important in the construction of differential meanings. The educational implications of the results are discussed in relation to the change in school practice from teacher‐directed reading to students reading more books but on their own or in small groups, without direct teacher intervention. 相似文献
950.