Relational efficacy beliefs in athlete dyads: an investigation using actor-partner interdependence models

The first purpose of this study was to examine the interrelationships among three forms of relational efficacy within performing dyads, namely, self-efficacy, other-efficacy, and relation-inferred self-efficacy. The second objective was to examine the relationships between these efficacy beliefs and athletes' perceptions of their commitment to and satisfaction with their current partnership. Participants were 120 junior tennis players (age, M = 14.30 years, SD = 1.21) performing within 60 intact pairs (i.e., doubles). Results revealed that self-efficacy and other-efficacy were predictive of athlete commitment and satisfaction, respectively. In addition, by utilizing actor-partner interdependence models, partner as well as actor effects were evident. The findings illustrate that relational efficacy beliefs may not only have implications for the individual holding such beliefs, but also for his or her relational partner. Implications for the future study of efficacy beliefs within dyadic contexts are discussed.     

Anthropometric dimensions of male powerlifters of varying body mass

In this study, we examined the anthropometric dimensions of powerlifters across various body mass (competitive bodyweight) categories. Fifty-four male Oceania competitive powerlifters (9 lightweight, 30 middleweight, and 15 heavyweight) were recruited from one international and two national powerlifting competitions held in New Zealand. Powerlifters were assessed for 37 anthropometric dimensions by ISAK (International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry) level II and III accredited anthropometrists. The powerlifters were highly mesomorphic and had large girths and bony breadths, both in absolute units and when expressed as Z(p)-scores compared through the Phantom (Ross & Wilson, 1974). These anthropometric characteristics were more pronounced in heavyweights, who were significantly heavier, had greater muscle and fat mass, were more endo-mesomorphic, and had larger girths and bony breadths than the lighter lifters. Although middleweight and heavyweight lifters typically had longer segment lengths than the lightweights, all three groups had similar Zp-scores for the segment lengths, indicating similar segment length proportions. While population comparisons would be required to identify any connection between specific anthropometric dimensions that confer a competitive advantage to the expression of maximal strength, anthropometric profiling may prove useful for talent identification and for the assessment of training progression in powerlifting.     

Biomechanics of aggressive inline skating: landing and balancing on a grind rail

Currently, only epidemiological injury data have been reported for the new extreme sport of aggressive inline skating, or trick skating. No studies have examined the biomechanics of this sport, which involves repetitive jumping and landing from railings, ramps, and ledges, often over 1 m in height. We present results of a pilot study that examined the effect of skater experience and lower extremity biomechanics on energy absorption ability, and observed balance strategies used during two basic tricks. In these tricks, the skater jumps onto an elevated rail and maintains balance while standing in a single position (stall) or sliding along the rail (grind). Lower extremity joint kinematics, impact force characteristics, and general movement behaviours were examined during landing and balance phases. Ten male skaters performed ten stalls and ten frontside grinds on an instrumented grind rail, capable of measuring vertical force. Vertical impact force was found to decrease with increasing skater experience in stalls (r = -0.84, P = 0.002) and grinds (r = -0.84, P = 0.009). This might imply that less-experienced skaters are (subconsciously) more concerned about maintaining balance than refining technique to minimize impact force. Similar to drop landing experiments, peak impact force decreased with increasing knee flexion during stalls (r = -0.65, P = 0.04). During stalls, skaters demonstrated classic balance maintenance strategies (ankle, hip, or multi-joint) depending on trick length. During grinds, skater centre of mass never passed over the rail base of support, suggesting the use of momentum produced from obliquely approaching the rail.     

流道插件在高温和磁流体作用下的力学行为

在国际热核聚变试验堆计划中,流道插件是包层模块中的一个重要部件,它的主要作用是隔热和电绝缘,它的力学行为受到高温、磁场、流体压力的共同作用,使得其响应分析成为一个多场耦合的问题。本文采用有限体积法和有限元法,对包层中流体传热性能和流道插件的结构安全性能进行计算,其中详细分析一种典型工况下流道插件的应力状态;同时,对具有不同热导率的流道插件进行计算,得出其对包层结构的影响。计算结果说明流道插件厚度方向以及面内方向的压应力均比较安全,而较危险的则为极向面内拉应力和棱边的剪切破坏。采用具有较低热导率的流道插件时,可以使出口金属流体的平均温度提高,从而提高热效率,同时降低第一壁的最高温度,从而保证其结构安全,但流道插件内部的温度梯度会增加,结构热应力也更高。     

Humility & Humiliation: The Transformation of Franciscan Humour,c.1210–1310

Humiliation and self-ridicule worked as surprisingly important tools of evangelical outreach in the first decades of the Franciscan Order (c.1210–50). According to early Franciscan texts such as the Assisi Compilation (c.1240s) and Jordan of Giano’s Chronica (c.1260), St Francis and his earliest followers sought to win supporters by stripping naked in public, mocking learned preachers and ludicrously imitating animals. Yet within a few decades of the founder’s death this type of humour had been erased from Franciscan texts. Chronicles now omitted references to Francis’s laughter, while humiliating behaviour came to be condemned by Franciscan preachers, chroniclers and theologians alike. From being a means of undermining dignity and reason, joking was now instead celebrated as a tool of upholding these very same values. Describing the nature of this shift, and contextualising it within the evolving institutional priorities of the Franciscans under the leadership of Bonaventure (d.1274), this article will complicate debates about the development of medieval humour, while also reflecting on laughter’s role as a means of resistance to the significant social and cultural upheavals of the 1200s.     

Excellence and Frontier Research as Travelling Concepts in Science Policymaking

Excellence and frontier research have made inroads into European research policymaking and structure political agendas, funding programs and evaluation practices. The two concepts travelled a long way from the United States and have derived from contexts outside of science (and policy). Following their conceptual journey, we ask how excellence and frontier research have percolated into European science and higher education policies and how they have turned into lubricants of competition that buttress an ongoing reform process in Europe.     

单项高价值专利评估的综合价值模型研究

[目的/意义]旨在弥补现有专利价值评估方法对高价值专利评估的不足,使专利价值评估体系更加全面.[方法/过程]分析了影响高价值专利"溢价"的主要因素,通过量化高价值专利综合价值的技术质量参数、专利的基本价值参数和综合控制参数值,构建单项高价值专利评估的综合价值模型.[结果/结论]构建的单项高价值专利评估综合价值模型的优点...     

Ending the perpetuation of sex-role stereotypes in our schools: A possible consequence of psychological androgyny

Research has shown that both historically and currently there has been sex-differentiated staffing in American public schools, with a disproportionate number of female teachers at the elementary level. Concern long has been expressed regarding the impact this might have on the sex-role development of American children and the perpetuation of stereotypic staffing patterns. This article supports the hypothesis that psychologically androgynous individuals might be more likely than masculine or feminine individuals to base teaching level choice upon individual preference without regard for its stereotype as more appropriate for one sex than the other. Data collected from preservice teachers at Washington State University support this hypothesis. It was found that while feminine females were more apt to choose the elementary teaching level, masculine males were more apt to choose secondary teaching. In comparison, androgynous preservice teachers of both sexes were as likely to choose the elementary as secondary teaching level.     

建立基于劳动互换的居家养老服务体系的可行性探究

老龄社会是21世纪我国的重要国情并对社会保障体系提供完善保障功能提出了日益迫切的需求.然而,在未来相当长时期内我国社会保障体系难以独撑社会稳定发展所赋予的重任.建立基于劳动互换的为老服务体系,合理设计制度,将可以有效调动其他社会资源来弥补现行社会保障体系的不足,并使之发展成为社会保障体系的重要辅助力量,是集可行性、经济性、有效性于一身的最佳选择.     

发展城市旅游与构建和谐社会

建设和谐社会战略目标的确定,为城市旅游提供了广阔的发展空间,城市旅游的繁荣反映着和谐社会目标实现的程度。目前,我国城市化进程正在不断加快,城市旅游的发展方兴未艾,研究解决城市旅游发展中的问题和矛盾是构建和谐社会物质文化基础的重要内容。