课堂上的突发事件及应对策略

课堂是严肃的、神圣的,保持课堂教学的有序、高效是永恒的目标.但课堂上不可避免地会出现一些突发事件,有来自教师方面的,也有学生方面的,还有设备方面、自然灾害方面的等等,无论哪一方面的突发事件,都需要教师保持冷静和清醒的头脑、讲究处理的方式方法、及时沉着应对,以尽可能不影响课堂教学且有利于问题的解决为原则.无论发生什么事情,只要心中有学生,任何事情都会巧妙、妥善处理好的.课堂上突发事件的处理是一门艺术,体现着教师的综合素质.     

The kinematic differences between off-spin and leg-spin bowling in cricket

Spin bowling is generally coached using a standard technical framework, but this practice has not been based upon a comparative biomechanical analysis of leg-spin and off-spin bowling. This study analysed the three-dimensional (3D) kinematics of 23 off-spin and 20 leg-spin bowlers using a Cortex motion analysis system to identify how aspects of the respective techniques differed. A multivariate ANOVA found that certain data tended to validate some of the stated differences in the coaching literature. Off-spin bowlers had a significantly shorter stride length (p = 0.006) and spin rate (p = 0.001), but a greater release height than leg-spinners (p = 0.007). In addition, a number of other kinematic differences were identified that were not previously documented in coaching literature. These included a larger rear knee flexion (p = 0.007), faster approach speed (p < 0.001), and flexing elbow action during the arm acceleration compared with an extension action used by most of the off-spin bowlers. Off-spin and leg-spin bowlers also deviated from the standard coaching model for the shoulder alignment, front knee angle at release, and forearm mechanics. This study suggests that off-spin and leg-spin are distinct bowling techniques, supporting the development of two different coaching models in spin bowling.     

Effects of load mass carried in a backpack upon respiratory muscle fatigue

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether loads carried in a backpack, with a load mass ranging from 0 to 20?kg, causes respiratory muscle fatigue. Methods: Eight males performed four randomised load carriage (LC) trials comprising 60?min walking at 6.5?km?h^?1 wearing a backpack of either 0 (LC₀), 10 (LC₁₀), 15 (LC₁₅) or 20?kg (LC₂₀). Inspiratory (P_Imax) and expiratory (P_Emax) mouth pressures were assessed prior to and immediately following each trial. Pulmonary gas exchange, heart rate (HR), blood lactate and glucose concentration and perceptual responses were recorded during the first and final 60?s of each trial. Results: Group mean P_Imax and P_Emax were unchanged following 60-min load carriage in all conditions (p?>?.05). There was an increase over time in pulmonary gas exchange, HR and perceptions of effort relative to baseline measures during each trial (p?p?>?.05). Conclusions: These findings indicate that sub-maximal walking with no load or carrying 10, 15 or 20?kg in a backpack for up to 60?min does not cause respiratory muscle fatigue despite causing an increase in physiological, metabolic and perceptual parameters.     

社会主义荣辱观十题

社会主义荣辱观是中国共产党第一次明确提出的作为执政社会集团的荣辱观。它在走什么道路、为什么人、如何认识和改造世界、保持何种生活态度、如何处理个人与他人关系、如何认识和处理义利关系以及个人行为与社会规范、法纪的关系、保持什么样的精神状态、培养什么人与怎样培养人等一系列问题上,指明了社会价值方向。     

语言习得理论对英语口语教学的启示

本概述了二语习得理论及其对口语教学的启示，并认为其理论有待于在实践中进一步完善。     

Education and social cohesion: developing a framework for education sector reform in Sri Lanka1

There is increasing interest in understanding and describing the links between education and ‘social cohesion’. However, the theoretical and empirical base for understanding these links is limited. There is also a shortage of practical tools for education policy‐makers and planners, to help them assess the impact of policies and investments, and to plan for future reform. This paper describes the initial development of an analytical and planning framework for addressing education and social cohesion within the context of a sector‐wide approach to education reform in Sri Lanka. A brief literature review suggests three inter‐connected domains in which links between education and social cohesion might be usefully analysed, together with three working hypotheses: (i) political economy/governance: education affects social cohesion through transparency and participation in education policy formulation, planning and management; (ii) equity/equality of opportunity: education affects social cohesion through the distribution of education resources, opportunities and outcomes; (iii) teaching/learning: education affects social cohesion through the development of certain competencies in students. Drawing on this analytical framework, research conducted in Sri Lanka is used to identify a set of interventions to promote social cohesion, with corresponding baseline, process and outcome indicators as benchmarks for measuring the progress and impact of intended policy measures. This process is described within the context of a ‘sector‐wide approach’ to education reform, intended to bring together the activities of the government and external partners within a single comprehensive medium‐term planning and budgetary framework.     

从硫化铜矿制取硫酸铜工艺研究

硫化铜经粉碎，催化焙烧，浸取，铁屑置换制海绵铜，再制取符合GB473－93优等品的硫酸铜产品。     

张掖地区农村初中教师心理健康状况的调查分析

教师的心理健康水平影响着学生的心理健康。国内有关教师的心理健康水平的研究比较少,尤其是对欠发达地区的农村教师的心理健康状况研究更少。本研究选择了张掖地区所辖的五区共10所农村初中的358名教师作为独立样本,采用“SCL-90症状测评量表”和自编的“教师心理健康成因的调查问卷”为研究工具,将测验、调查、访谈三种方法相结合,对张掖地区农村初中教师心理健康状况进行了实证研究。     

The study of butterflies

In this part of the series on butterflies, we look at the types of variations found within species as well as their causes.