Using computer-delivered natural speech to assist in the teaching of reading

The findings of a pilot study designed to evaluate a computer system developed to assist in the teaching of reading to beginners are presented. The system uses digitised speech and the content is based upon a reading scheme already in use in the schools. Twenty children, ten in the intervention group and ten in the control group, in two schools were involved over a four-week period. Subjects were tested on a standardised reading test, a list of the 30 most frequently occurring words in written English, and on words from the published scheme. The experimental group improved their scores significantly more than the control group only on the standardised reading test. The results suggest the system can be helpful and that its effect goes beyond the words being practised.     

Students' estimates of knowledge gained as measures of the quality of teacher education

One set of measures of the quality of courses for the preparation of science teachers stems from the perceptions exit students have of their knowledge with respect to that teaching. The Discipline Review of Teacher Education in Mathematics and Science surveyed these students late in 1988 on three broad types of knowledge-science content knowledge, curriculum knowledge, and pedagogical knowledge. Some of these findings of the Review are described. In addition, the base for developing items to measure these three types of knowledge is discussed in this paper. The variety in the data that emerged is also presented and the consistency of the findings with other measures of quality is described. Specialisations: science and technology curriculum, environmental education, educational disadvantage. Specialisations: research and evaluation in teacher education, technical and further education and total quality management. Specialisations: research in educational systems.     

杆状病毒后期启动子在大肠杆菌中启动CAT基因表达的研究

以CAT基因为报道基因,探讨了杆状病毒后期启动子在大肠杆菌中启动表达CAT基因的活性。结果显示在不含多角体基因及其启动子的质粒中,具合成启动子的表达量最高,野生型多角体启动子的表达量次之,而含ⅩⅣ多角体启动子的最低;具相同CAT基因启动子的质粒中,含多角体蛋白基因及其野生型启动子者较不含者强,含合成与ⅩⅣ启动子串联组合者与单纯ⅩⅣ启动子者表达量近乎一致,但均较前者为弱。以上结果表明,杆状病毒后期启动子在大肠杆菌与在昆虫细胞中的启动表达的能力并非完全一致。     

Emotional Intelligence and Education: A critical review

In recent years there has been an increased interest in the role of emotional intelligence in both the academic success of students and their emotional adjustment in school. However, promotion of emotional intelligence in schools has proven a controversial pursuit, challenging as it does traditional “rationalist” views of education. Furthermore, research findings in this area have been inconsistent at best. In this article we discuss the following key questions relating to this important debate. What do we mean by emotional “intelligence”? What impact would improved emotional intelligence have on learners’ emotional health and well‐being, academic achievement, and other adaptive outcomes? Can emotional intelligence be taught? It is felt that these are the key issues for consideration in developing policy, practice, and further research in this area.     

论我国畜牧业可持续发展

改革开放40年来,我国畜牧业综合生产能力持续提升,畜产品结构不断优化,质量安全保障体系进一步完善,产业综合素质显著增强,绿色发展稳步推进,畜牧业已成为农业农村经济的重要支柱产业之一,成为现代农业建设的排头兵。推进可持续发展是当前和今后一个时期现代畜牧业建设的重点任务。在分析制约畜牧业可持续发展的主要问题基础上,文章阐述了当前和今后一个时期促进畜牧业可持续发展的思路,提出要加快畜牧业转型升级,构建种养循环可持续发展机制,营造畜牧业高质量可持续的发展环境,加快建设资源节约型、环境友好型和生态保育型畜牧业,为实现"农业强、农民富、农村美"提供有力支撑。     

基于"决策树"的银行业洗钱和反洗钱分析

本文主要利用“决策树”理论对银行业洗钱和反洗钱中的行为主体:洗钱者、金融机构和反洗钱者的行为决策进行分析,在此基础上提出自己的一些看法。     

惯例复制对越轨创新的影响：网络闭合与知识基础的调节

为了破解技术创新网络的越轨创新机制，基于悖论整合的权变视角分析了常规惯例复制、柔性惯例复制对越轨创新的影响，探究网络闭合、知识基础的单独与协同调节作用。结合研发密集型行业的合作网络数据，运用多元回归分析进行实证检验。研究结果表明：惯例复制、网络闭合与知识基础的多维匹配是实现越轨创新的最小功能集；常规惯例复制、柔性惯例复制的解构维度对越轨创新存在正向影响；高网络闭合的封闭式网络强化了常规惯例复制对越轨创新的促进作用，未能弱化柔性惯例复制的作用效能；高知识基础的多样化知识抑制了常规惯例复制对越轨创新的促进作用，无法提升柔性惯例复制的促进作用；网络闭合与知识基础的协同组合存在差异化的调节作用，削弱了柔性惯例复制对越轨创新的影响，而在常规惯例复制与越轨创新间不存在显著调节。研究结论对厘清越轨创新的形成边界、构建适度宽松的创新生态系统具有重要意义。     

Schooling Quasi-Markets: Reconciling Economic and Sociological Analyses

We provide an economic assessment of the operation of schooling quasi-markets, re-interpreting the findings of the mainly sociologically-based empirical research. We find that economic analysis is complementary to that of sociology, providing further explanations for the failure of greater competition to increase the diversity of provision and challenge traditional school hierarchies.     

Child-Directed Speech Produced by Mothers with Symptoms of Depression Fails to Promote Associative Learning in 4-Month-Old Infants

Child-directed (CD) speech segments produced by 20 mothers who varied in self-reported symptoms of depression, recorded during a structured play interaction with their 2- to 6-month-old infants, were used as conditioned stimuli with face reinforcers in a conditioned attention paradigm. After pairings of speech segments and faces, speech segments were assessed for their ability to increase time spent looking at a novel checker-board pattern (summation test) using 225 4-month-old infants of nondepressed mothers. Significant positive summation, an index of associative learning, was obtained in groups of infants tested with speech produced by mothers with comparatively fewer self-reported symptoms of depression (Beck Depression Inventory or BDI < or = 15). However, significant positive summation was not achieved using speech samples produced by mothers with comparatively more symptoms of depression (BDI > 15). These results indicate that the CD speech produced by mothers with symptoms of depression does not promote associative learning in infants.     

一种启迪思维、拓广思路的物理学方法──标度分析与变换

物质世界时空结构上的自相似性（即无穷嵌套现象）证实了自然界的许多性质及其部分运动规律只取决于物质世界自身结构的拓扑性质,而与空间绝对大小无关,因此可利用对已有的“大（或小）物理世界”的认识和物理空间基准量（特征量）选择的自由来预测并进而发现未知的“小（或大）物理世界”的运动规律,这一过程称之为标度分析与变换利用对事物某一标度层次上的认识和具有启迪思维和拓广思路的标度分析与变换方法可以去把握事物各个标度层次上的运动特征.