校运动会向体育节转轨的探讨

校园体育化是校园化建设的重要组成部分,将原来传统的体育运动会向综合的实施校园体育化节转轨,对促进校园化的建设有着良好的推动作用。     

数字化文献资源传递系统的设计与实现

通过分析现有异构数字资源跨库检索系统功能上的不足,提出文献资源传递的解决方案.采用UML、PHP、XML、LDAP等开发技术,构建一套以中介式服务模式为基础的原文传递系统,解决"离线"资源的传递、计费问题,完成和异构数字资源跨库检索系统的"无缝"连接.     

成本信息不完全共享下同质技术创新扩散研究

为探讨成本信息不完全共享下同质技术创新扩散的均衡问题,以2家同质技术创新扩散企业为研究对象,利用修改后的Lotka-Volterra模型建立了扩散模型和利润模型,计算出技术扩散的稳定态.通过分析纳什均衡与贝叶斯均衡,计算了成本信息不完全共享下的产量,并结合示例进行了验证.结果表明:无论成本信息是否共享,技术扩散影响系数大的企业将形成市场占有优势;当双方的扩散影响系数较小且相当时,将形成技术扩散共存状态,此时,成本信息劣势方的产量将位于该方依据观测到的对手低成本和高成本而预计的最优产量之间,无法达到最优竞争均衡.     

产业集群集体效率及其指标体系:基于企业视角的实证研究

本文针对国内外对产业集群集体效应的计量研究比较欠缺的现状,应用层次分析方法建立了衡量产业集群集体效率的指标体系,并应用本指标体系对昆山模具产业集群开展实证研究,结果表明本指标体系能够很好地量化产业集群集体效应,其中前后向联系、多边关系、横向双边关系、生产投入地方可得性等可以作为产业集群集体效率的重要"指标器"。     

Altered movement patterns but not muscle recruitment in moderately trained triathletes during running after cycling

Previous studies have shown that cycling can directly influence neuromuscular control during subsequent running in some highly trained triathletes, despite these triathletes' years of practice of the cycle-run transition. The aim of this study was to determine whether cycling has the same direct influence on neuromuscular control during running in moderately trained triathletes. Fifteen moderately trained triathletes participated. Kinematics of the pelvis and lower limbs and recruitment of 11 leg and thigh muscles were compared between a control run (no prior exercise) and a 30 min run that was preceded by a 15 min cycle (transition run). Muscle recruitment was different between control and transition runs in only one of 15 triathletes (<7%). Changes in joint position (mean difference of 3°) were evident in five triathletes, which persisted beyond 5 min of running in one triathlete. Our findings suggest that some moderately trained triathletes have difficulty reproducing their pre-cycling movement patterns for running initially after cycling, but cycling appears to have little influence on running muscle recruitment in moderately trained triathletes.     

桂林鸡血红碧玉

奇石是大自然惠赐予人类的宝贵财富。收藏奇石是人们物质文化生活日益增长的需要,也是崇尚自然、返璞归真的审美情趣的体现。     

Finite element simulation of the ski–snow interaction of an alpine ski in a carved turn

Skiing manufacturers depend on the development of new skis on trial and error cycles and extensive product testing. Simulation tools, such as the finite element method, might be able to reduce the number of required testing cycles. However, computer programs simulating a ski in the situation of a turn so far lack realistic ski–snow interaction models. The aim of this study was to (a) implement a finite element simulation of a ski in a carved turn with an experimentally validated ski–snow interaction model, and (b) comparison of the simulation results with instantaneous turn radii determined for an actual carved turn. A quasi-static approach was chosen in which the ski–snow interaction was implemented as a boundary condition on the running surface of the ski. A stepwise linear function was used to characterise the snow pressure resisting the penetration of the ski. In a carved turn the rear section of the ski interacts with the groove that forms in the snow. Two effects were incorporated in the simulation to model this situation: (a) the plasticity of the snow deformation, (b) the influence of the ski’s side-cut on the formation and shape of this groove. The simulation results agreed well with experiments characterising snow penetration. Implementation of the groove in the ski–snow interaction model allowed calculation of the instantaneous turn radii measured in actual turns, but also caused significant numerical instability. The simulation contributes to the understanding of the mechanical aspects of the ski–snow interaction in carved turns and can be used to evaluate new ski designs.     

Manchester and the Emergence of an Association Football Culture, 1840–1880: An Alternative Viewpoint

This paper provides a critique of the article by Gary James and Dave Day on ‘The Emergence of an Association Football Culture in Manchester, 1840–1884', published in Sport in History. We suggest an alternative interpretation of Manchester's football history during this period, arguing that Association football was a minor form of football in a city largely dominated by the rugby code. Furthermore, by employing an artificial construct of Manchester the authors have produced the wrong answer to the wrong question. Rather than trying to prove that Manchester developed an important Association football culture, we suggest they ought to have addressed the question of why such a culture did not exist. The contribution to the development of Association football of three isolated ‘transitory’ clubs in a city as large as Manchester is certainly not ‘substantial’. Subsequently, James and Day also fail to exploit fully their evidence for early football in the Manchester area by omitting to relate this properly to the much wider ongoing debate surrounding the origins of football. Conversely, there is ample evidence that ‘substantial’ Association football developments actually occurred in East Lancashire, centred on Bolton, Blackburn and Darwen, developments that are scarcely noted in James and Day's account.