全文获取类型
收费全文 | 256篇 |
免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
教育 | 210篇 |
科学研究 | 19篇 |
各国文化 | 3篇 |
体育 | 10篇 |
信息传播 | 16篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 1篇 |
2020年 | 2篇 |
2019年 | 7篇 |
2018年 | 8篇 |
2017年 | 6篇 |
2016年 | 15篇 |
2015年 | 6篇 |
2014年 | 3篇 |
2013年 | 47篇 |
2012年 | 9篇 |
2011年 | 4篇 |
2010年 | 8篇 |
2009年 | 9篇 |
2008年 | 5篇 |
2007年 | 6篇 |
2006年 | 8篇 |
2005年 | 8篇 |
2004年 | 2篇 |
2003年 | 8篇 |
2002年 | 5篇 |
2001年 | 4篇 |
2000年 | 8篇 |
1999年 | 5篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 10篇 |
1996年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
1969年 | 2篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
1938年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有258条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
251.
Phil Cooke 《Research Policy》2005,34(8):1128-1149
This paper proposes to review and assess social scientific debate about the origins and nature of innovation in modern society. It focuses on three sub-sets of conceptualisation, critique and commentary that refer specifically to sub-national or regional innovation systems. Research in the latter field has grown enormously in recent years. Moreover, new perspectives from other disciplines than regional science have been promoted. One distinctive view of relevance in that it is focused on the role in innovation of specific ‘entrepreneurial universities’ in relation to industry and government is, of course, the ‘Triple Helix’ approach. This is reviewed and sympathetically critiqued. A second view, less sympathetically critiqued here, is one that itself attacks all so-called ‘new regionalism’ for stressing the importance of institutions, industry embeddedness and the micro-science of regional economic development. Dazzled by ‘Globalisation 1’ and the totalising power of ‘scale’ geographies, this rejection of the worth of spatial analysis at less than the global or national ‘scalar envelope’ is assessed for its potential insights into weaknesses of the regional innovation systems approach but found wanting in both technical accuracy and scholarly competence. Finally, the state of the art in regional innovation systems research is sketched by reference both to recent longitudinal findings and elaborations into specific technological fields, particularly but not only Bioregional Innovation Systems that help move us towards a newer theory of economic geography in the knowledge economy, based on ‘regional knowledge capabilities.’ The analysis conclusively proposes ‘Globalisation 2’, a ‘ground-up’ knowledge-driven evolution of the earlier ‘top-down’ multilateral trade institution and corporately driven ‘Globalisation 1.’ 相似文献
252.
Prof. Dr. U. Trautwein Prof. Dr. F. Baeriswyl Prof. Dr. O. Lüdtke Christian Wandeler lic. Phil. 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2008,11(4):648-665
Opening up educational paths and especially decoupling educational courses and final school qualifications are seen as important aspects of the modernization of Swiss education. The study presented here investigates to what extent this de-linking actually took place in the case of the Swiss canton Freiburg. 525 pupils from German-speaking schools were observed in their progress from the end of primary school (year 6) to the transfer into the upper secondary level Gymnasium (year 10) or into alternative educational routes. Indeed, almost half of the young people, who went to the Gymnasium, previously studied at a middle-level general secondary school and not the preparatory Progymnasium; a strong indication of decoupling. Furthermore, the study shows that entry into the upper secondary level Gymnasium is still possible for pupils despite weak performance at primary level. Irrespective of the evidence for an opening of the education system, the findings also show that attending a Progymnasium has a significant effect on school biographies. The chance of transferring into the upper secondary level Gymnasium is twice as high for graduates, who attended a Progymnasium, as for comparative pupils, who did not. Additionally, a privileged social background correlates with a high chance of entry into the upper secondary level Gymnasium. 相似文献
253.
Nicole A. Bannister 《学习科学杂志》2015,24(3):347-372
Using a case study design and ethnographic methods, this research investigated the interactions of a group of high school mathematics teachers who collaborated daily on issues related to curricular and pedagogical reforms. The members of the collaboration team implemented these reforms with the goal of supporting all students’ learning of 1st-year college preparatory mathematics. This study used conceptual tools from frame analysis (E. Goffman, 1974) alongside an analysis of teacher participation patterns to understand teacher learning within a community of practice (E. Wenger, 1998). This analysis documented development within the teacher community through teachers increasing orientation to classroom-based interventions for struggling students alongside more collegial participation patterns, contributing an empirical example of teacher learning within a community of practice. 相似文献
254.
The aim of the four present experiments was to explore how different schedules of reinforcement influence schedule-induced
behavior, their impact on evaluative ratings given to conditioned stimuli associated with each schedule through evaluative
conditioning, and the transfer of these evaluations through derived stimulus networks. Experiment 1 compared two contrasting
response reinforcement rules (variable ratio [VR], variable interval [VI]). Experiment 2 varied the response to reinforcement
rule between two schedules but equated the outcome to response rate (differential reinforcement of high rate [DRH] vs. VR).
Experiment 3 compared molar and molecular aspects of contingencies of reinforcement (tandem VIVR vs. tandem VRVI). Finally,
Experiment 4 employed schedules that induced low rates of responding to determine whether, under these circumstances, responses
were more sensitive to the molecular aspects of a schedule (differential reinforcement of low rate [DRL] vs. VI). The findings
suggest that the transfer of evaluative functions is determined mainly by differences in response rate between the schedules
and the molar aspects of the schedules. However, when neither schedule was based on a strong response reinforcement rule,
the transfer of evaluative judgments came under the control of the molecular aspects of the schedule. 相似文献
255.
Reed P 《Learning & behavior》2006,34(4):379-386
Three experiments were performed to examine the effect of response force on rats’ performance on various schedules of reinforcement.
Response force was manipulated by changing the weight of the lever in the operant chamber—a heavy lever for high response
force and a light lever for low response force. Using a within-subjects design, Experiment 1 replicated previous findings
that rats respond more quickly on variable ratio (VR) than on equivalent variable-interval-plus-linear-feedback (VI+) schedules.
Experiment 2 replicated this finding but also showed that the use of a smaller response force abolished the response rate
difference between the VR and VI+ schedules. Experiment 3 used a between-subjects design and showed a response rate difference
between the VR and VI+ schedules with a high response force but no response rate difference with a low response force. This
suggests that under conditions of low force, when the rats’ responding can continue at prolonged high rates, these subjects
show little difference in their response rates between VR and VI+ schedules. These data are similar to those found for human
subjects. 相似文献
256.
Wearable devices introduce many new capabilities to the delivery of healthcare. But wearables also pose grave privacy risks. Furthermore, information overload gets in the way of informed consent by the patient. To better protect American patients in an increasingly digital world, the U.S. Congress passed the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA). This article examines the adequacy of HIPAA vis-à-vis issues raised by wearable technologies in the Internet of Things environment and identifies policy gaps and factors that drive health data exposure. It presents a 2 × 2 Partnership-Identity Exposure Matrix, illustrates implications in four different contexts, and provides recommendations for improving privacy protection. 相似文献
257.
Phil Reed 《Learning & behavior》2018,46(1):60-66
Hungry rats were trained in a two-lever conditioning chamber to earn food reinforcement according to either a win–shift/lose–stay or a win–stay/lose–shift contingency. Performance on the two contingencies was similar when there was little delay between the initial, information part of the trial (i.e., win or lose) and the choice portion of the trial (i.e., stay or shift with respect to the lever presented in the information stage). However, when a delay between the information and choice portions of the trial was introduced, subjects experiencing the win–shift/lose–stay contingency performed worse than subjects experiencing the alternative contingency. In particular, the lose–stay rule was differentially negatively impacted relative to the other rules. This result is difficult for ecological or response interference accounts to explain. 相似文献
258.