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221.
Linda J. Miller Phillip S. Strain Kimberly Boyd Janet Jarzynka Mary McFetridge 《Early education and development》1993,4(3):162-181
The effectiveness of using a group self-management procedure to increase the on-task behavior of four disruptive preschool boys was studied using a reversal design combined with a multiple baseline across settings design. Measures of child and teacher behavior were obtained through direct observation during free play, transition, and small group instruction activities. The classwide procedure, which included self-assessment by the students, matching the assessments with the teacher, and reinforcement based on a match between teacher and child ratings, was conducted by teachers in two classrooms located at a Head Start center in a large urban area. Results suggest that use of the procedure improved on-task behavior of the target students and decreased off-task and competing behavior. For the teachers, use of a group approach to self-management served the dual purpose of addressing individual student needs while promoting independent and responsible behavior for all members of the class. 相似文献
222.
Ward Heneveld 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2007,53(5-6):639-663
This article describes a methodology that local educators can use to conduct structured analytic research on the quality of primary education. The methodology has been developed by four twenty-person teams of local educators who carried out studies in rural regions of Madagascar, Mozambique, Tanzania and Uganda. In addition to describing the methodology, the article presents short summaries of the researchers’ conclusions and recommendations. However, its main purpose is to share the methodology that has evolved. The methodology is qualitative, but a simple quantitative measure of relationship between binary variables (Yule’s Q) was used to test the researchers’ qualitative findings. It is this tool that provoked the most significant reflection among the researchers in each group. In general, the results of the four studies corroborate other research on the factors that influence student outcomes in primary schools in Sub-Saharan Africa. More importantly, the studies’ results demonstrate that the methodology offers practicing educators a tool that helps them define, collect, and rigorously analyse empirical information to reach shared insights about their schools and then to formulate practical recommendations about what to do to improve student learning. 相似文献
223.
Yola Center James Ward 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》1984,31(2):104-113
Eighty‐five mildly handicapped cerebral palsied children integrated into regular schools were assessed in order to identify characteristics associated with academic success and social acceptance. About 50 percent of the children were successful in reading accuracy and comprehension, 45 percent in arithmetic and 60 percent were socially acceptable to peers. Academic achievement was associated with cognitive ability rather than with degree of handicap, while social acceptance was related to affective variables. Cognitive, affective and behavioural mean scores were all within the normal range. Commonality analysis of data derived from the experimental subjects and a contrast group enrolled in a special school indicated that educational placement did not contribute significantly to academic success. 相似文献
224.
225.
Terrell Ward Bynum 《Ethics and Information Technology》2001,3(2):109-112
This article discusses some``historical milestones' in computer ethics, aswell as two alternative visions of the futureof computer ethics. Topics include theimpressive foundation for computer ethics laiddown by Norbert Wiener in the 1940s and early1950s; the pioneering efforts of Donn Parker,Joseph Weizenbaum and Walter Maner in the1970s; Krystyna Gorniak's hypothesis thatcomputer ethics will evolve into ``globalethics'; and Deborah Johnson's speculation thatcomputer ethics may someday ``disappear'. 相似文献
226.
Byrne PF Namuth DM Harrington J Ward SM Lee DJ Hain P 《Public understanding of science (Bristol, England)》2002,11(3):293-304
Transgenic crops among the most controversial "science and society" issues of recent years. Because of the complex techniques involved in creating these crops and the polarized debate over their risks and beliefs, a critical need has arisen for accessible and balanced information on this technology. World Wide Web sites offer several advantages for disseminating information on a fast-changing technical topic, including their global accessibility; and their ability to update information frequently, incorporate multimedia formats, and link to networks of other sites. An alliance between two complementary web sites at Colorado State University and the University of Nebraska-Lincoln takes advantage of the web environment to help fill the need for public information on crop genetic engineering. This article describes the objectives and features of each site. Viewership data and other feedback have shown these web sites to be effective means of reaching public audiences on a complex scientific topic. 相似文献
227.
Phillip D. Tomporowski Catherine L. Davis Patricia H. Miller Jack A. Naglieri 《Educational Psychology Review》2008,20(2):111-131
Studies that examine the effects of exercise on children’s intelligence, cognition, or academic achievement were reviewed
and results were discussed in light of (a) contemporary cognitive theory development directed toward exercise, (b) recent
research demonstrating the salutary effects of exercise on adults’ cognitive functioning, and (c) studies conducted with animals
that have linked physical activity to changes in neurological development and behavior. Similar to adults, exercise facilitates
children’s executive function (i.e., processes required to select, organize, and properly initiate goal-directed actions).
Exercise may prove to be a simple, yet important, method of enhancing those aspects of children’s mental functioning central
to cognitive development.
相似文献
Phillip D. TomporowskiEmail: |
228.
This article reports on a study of student and teacher perceptions of the purpose and effectiveness of laboratory work in
science at the Year 10 level of secondary school. The main focus of the study was a comparison between the perceptions of
one class of students and their teacher at each of six different schools with regard to the aims, regularity, conduct and
assessment of laboratory work. The study identified a number of areas of mismatch between students and their teachers. The
findings of the study will be of use to teachers in developing and improving their science curriculum, particularly with regard
to laboratory work. 相似文献
229.
The always vexed relationships between philosophy, theory, methodology, empirical work and their representations and legitimations have been thrown into chaos with the belated acknowledgement of the Anthropocene. Unsurprisingly, traditional Western thought may have been complicit, given its underlying anthropocentric assumptions and humanist commitments in education philosophy, theory and practice. The postcritical knowledge ecology developed here is applied to both a modest and responsible form of methodological inquiry in an ethnographic study of nature experience. Our contextualised experiment adds to the nascent literature of an environmentally oriented education now demanded in the Anthropocene. 相似文献
230.
The Value of Fieldwork in Life and Environmental Sciences in the Context of Higher Education: A Case Study in Learning About Biodiversity 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Graham W. Scott Raymond Goulder Phillip Wheeler Lisa J. Scott Michelle L. Tobin Sara Marsham 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2012,21(1):11-21
Fieldwork is assumed by most practitioners to be an important if not essential component of a degree level education in the
environmental sciences. However, there is strong evidence that as a result of a wide range of pressures (academic, financial
and societal) fieldwork is in decline in the UK and elsewhere. In this paper we discuss the value of fieldwork in a higher
education context and present the results of a case study which illustrates its value to student learning and the wider student
experience. We used qualitative and quantitative methods to compare the impact of two learning tasks upon the affective and
cognitive domains of students. We designed two tasks. One task that included fieldwork, and required students to collect organisms
from the field and make labelled drawings of them, and one task that omitted the fieldwork and simply required drawing of
specimens that the students had not collected. We evaluated the students’ experience through structured and semi-structured
questionnaires and written exercises. Students did not perceive the two tasks as being equivalent to one another. They reported
that they enjoy fieldwork and value it (in the contexts of their learning at university, life-long learning, and in relation
to their career aspirations) and felt that they learn more effectively in the field. Our students were better able to construct
a taxonomic list of organisms that they had collected themselves, better able to recall the structural detail of these organisms
and were better able to recall the detail of an ecological sampling methodology that they had personally carried out in the
field rather than one that a tutor had described to them in a classroom setting. Our case study supports the growing body
of evidence that fieldwork is an important way of enhancing undergraduate learning and highlights some key areas for future
research. 相似文献