La educación bilingüe y el aprendizaje de una segunda lengua: sus características y principios fundamentales

Resumen

Dada la importancia que están adquiriendo en nuestro país y en el mundo entero las investigaciones sobre educación bilingüe y enseñanza de una L2, en este articulo, que sirve de introducción para el tema monográfico sobre la segunda lengua en la escuela, se pretende, en primer lugar, ofrecer una revisión de los términos fundamentales relacionados con estos temas, intentando precisar la significación de algunos de ellos para evitar ciertas confusiones que se producen con frecuencia.

En segundo lugar, se hace referencia a las características del sujeto, del ambiente y del programa que es necesario tomar en consideración para elaborar y evaluar un programa de educación bilingüe y de enseñanza de una L2.

En tercer lugar, se insiste en la importancia de realizar una evaluación correcta y completa de estos programas, para lo cual han de tenerse en cuenta todos los factores analizados previamente.     

La construcción social del conocimiento: desarrollo y conflicto socio-cognitivo Una entrevista a Willem Doise

Resumen

Este trabajo sintetiza las conversaciones que la autora de la entrevista mantiene con Willen Doise a cerca de cómo el conocimiento se construye desde la sociedad. Las reflexiones se organizan en torno a tres grandes cuestiones. La primera, ¿hasta qué punto la psicología del desarrollo es independiente de la psicología social?, tal vez estamos ante distinciones excesivamente académicas cuyas barreras en la actualidad se van eliminando progresivamente. La segunda, ¿cómo los individuos construyen el conocimiento desde la sociedad? Por último, ¿qué papel juegan las teorías cuando se trata de responder a esa cuestión?     

Developmental changes (14–21 years old) in binge drinking patterns and their explanatory factors / Cambios evolutivos (14–21 años) en los patrones de ingesta puntual de alcohol en exceso y en sus factores explicativos

Abstract

In order to design prevention programs, it is important to understand the evolution of drinking behaviour patterns among adolescents and young people. The aim of this paper is to analyse the changes in these patterns based on age and their role in explaining this behaviour in the Theory of Planned Behaviour framework. We used 273 participants divided into three sub-samples (3^rd and 4^th ESO [Educación Secundaria Obligatoria, ‘Compulsory Secondary Education’] students and university students). For older ages, the frequency of binge drinking is higher and the attitudes were also more positive towards alcohol consumption. Structural equation analyses show that drinking behaviour is explained by a different model in each age-group: in older groups, the role played by positive attitude and perceived control is more important than in the younger; by contrast, the influence of reference groups decreases with age. Results show significant differences between age groups regarding the reasons that young people report for engaging or not engaging in this behaviour.     

Evaluation of reflective practice in teacher education

Teacher education based on ‘reflective practice’ consists of observing, analysing and reflecting on teacher performance in order to improve professional practice. This article presents the results of an evaluation of a programme on mathematics teaching carried out using reflective practice. It was targeted at 284 teachers in various stages of the education system, using an approach that combines quantitative (surveys) and qualitative (interviews and reports) methods. While the study shows that the education programme generates high levels of satisfaction, pedagogical appropriateness and learning, its achievements in effectiveness are moderate. Although, in general, what is learned through teacher education is implemented in the classroom, it is done so in an isolated fashion, in other words, individually and without becoming a part of the culture of the school. The results show little evidence of its impact on student learning. The article offers proposals for improving the education programme, while, at the same time, analysing the usefulness of the approach and evaluation tools employed.     

Developing an instrument to characterise peer‐led groups in collaborative learning environments: assessing problem‐solving approach and group interaction

Collaborative learning is being used extensively by educators at all levels. Peer‐led team learning in a version of collaborative learning that has shown consistent success in science, technology, engineering and mathematics disciplines. Using a multi‐phase research study we describe the development of an observation instrument that can be used to assess peer‐led group learning. This paper illustrates the development of a classification system for peer‐led learning groups and an instrument based on this classification system. The instrument evaluates small learning groups on two important aspects of group learning: problem solving approach and group interaction style. We provide evidence of the factor structure of the two dimensions using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. We also provide information about the reliability of the two scales as measured by the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data from a large peer‐led learning programme was used to conduct the factor analysis. Results from the factor analysis confirmed that the instrument is actually measuring two key characteristics of small learning groups: problem solving approach and group interaction style, characteristics that have been linked to effective functioning of the group and to the student learning outcomes. This instrument may be particularly appealing to practitioners (faculty members, those running small‐group learning programmes, etc.) because it is easy to use and it does not require extensive time for analysis.