Muscle Soreness Following Resistance Exercise With and Without Eccentric Contractions

The present study reported on translating the Exercise Identity Scale (EIS: Anderson &; Cychosz, 1994) into Greek and examining its psychometric properties and cross-cultural validity based on U.S. individuals' EIS responses. Using four samples comprising 33, 103, and 647 Greek individuals, including exercisers and nonexercisers, and a similar sample comprising 800 U.S. individuals, the concurrent validity, factor structure, internal reliability, test-retest reliability, external validity, gender invariance, and cross-cultural validity of the EIS responses were examined using confirmatory factor analytical procedures. The results supported the concurrent validity, an adequate unidimensional factor structure for the translated EIS and the internal reliability and test-retest reliability over a 6-week interval. Further, cross-gender configural, partial metric, partial strong factorial, and partial strict factorial invariance and cross-cultural configural and partial metric invariance supported the cross-cultural equivalence of the EIS versions. Moreover, the external validity of the translated EIS responses was also supported. Overall, the findings supported the validity of the exercise identity construct outside North American boundaries and the EIS items' equivalence, providing initial evidence for its cross-cultural applicability.     

E-Readers: New Opportunities for Hospital Patients and Staff

E-readers provide an opportunity for hospital librarians to reach out to staff and patients with new approaches to library lending. Librarians in four Veterans Health Administration medical centers are using e-readers to enlarge their scope of service in unique ways. The libraries of VA hospitals in Minneapolis, Des Moines, Tampa, and Philadelphia have developed several ways to reach out to new library users.     

The Role of Sex of Peers and Gender‐Typed Activities in Young Children's Peer Affiliative Networks: A Longitudinal Analysis of Selection and Influence

A stochastic actor‐based model was used to investigate the origins of sex segregation by examining how similarity in sex of peers and time spent in gender‐typed activities affected affiliation network selection and how peers influenced children's (N = 292; M_age = 4.3 years) activity involvement. Gender had powerful effects on interactions through direct and indirect pathways. Children selected playmates of the same sex and with similar levels of gender‐typed activities. Selection based on gender‐typed activities partially mediated selection based on sex of peers. Children influenced one another's engagement in gender‐typed activities. When mechanisms producing sex segregation were compared, the largest contributor was selection based on sex of peers; less was due to activity‐based selection and peer influence. Implications for sex segregation and gender development are discussed.     

Give and take

The author explains how creative dramatics, used as a technique for interating the disciplines, can be an integral part of a gifted program.     

21st Century Anthropology Scholarship: A Citation Analysis

Abstract

A 2017 citation study looked at four scholarly anthropology journals in order to evaluate current research trends. This study examined the following journals: Current Anthropology, the American Anthropologist, the American Ethnologist, and the Journal of Anthropological Research. The results showed an average of 89.9 citations per article, which is a large increase over previous studies. The breakdown by the largest two categories showed 48.1% citations to total books, compared to 41.2% for scholarly journals. All other source types of citations comprised only 10.7% of total citations. These results were compared to a 2005 study by William Robinson and Paul Posten of the same four journals from 1999.     

Book Reviews

Managing Global Business Strategies: A Twenty‐first‐century Perspective John McManus, Don White, and Neil Botten Oxford, Chandos Publishing, 2008, 226 pp. ISBN: 9781843343905, £39.95 pbk     

Construct validation of physical activity surveys in culturally diverse older adults: a comparison of four commonly used questionnaires

The purpose of this study was to establish validity evidence of four physical activity (PA) questionnaires in culturally diverse older adults by comparing self-report PA with performance-based physical function. Participants were 54 older adults who completed the Continuous Scale Physical Functional Performance 10-item Test (CS-PFP10), Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE), HAMPS Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Adults, Yale Physical Activity Survey (YPAS), and modified Baecke questionnaire. The total PASE score, three outcome scores for the CHAMPS, and three summary indices for the YPAS were significantly correlated with total CS-PFP10 score. The modified Baecke exhibited no correlations with CS-PFP10 scores. The PASE, CHAMPS, and YPAS appear to be the most valid PA self-report questionnaires for culturally diverse older adults.     

为什么运动员常常不在运动中补充足够的液体?如何弥补?

(1)运动员在运动中因出汗丢失大量体液而补液不足的现象屡见不鲜，这就是所谓的“自愿脱水”，对运动员的身体健康和运动能力带来严重影响。(2)运动员补液不充分有诸多原因，包括：用饮料湿润口腔而造成的生理性渴感抑制，液体引起胃部不适，运动中不易取得饮料，饮料质量欠佳，以及缺乏对运动中补液必要性的认识，等等。(3)发生脱水后，年龄较大的运动员往往比年轻的队员补液少。(4)通过补液指导和训练，运动员能够做到在运动的前、中、后较充分地补液。(5)增进饮品的口感，可使运动中液体的补充量奇迹般增加。(6)运动员大多选择冷饮料，而选择热饮料的较少。饮品的温度对中心体温的影响一般不大。