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81.
Over the last 35 years, centralized universal-number (in the United States, 9-1-1) systems have come to be the preferred means of emergency-response dispatching. The creation of these systems has motivated the development of information systems that render the landscape, to those with the right access, increasingly legible. This has been to the benefit of those receiving emergency services, but also to the benefit of police and commercial interests, who have used the improved infrastructure as bases for the creation of geodemographic and other profiling systems. More recently, the creation of wireless telephony has motivated the creation of a further surveillance infrastructure built on and integrated into that landscape. One consequence has been the commercialization of the systems in ways that permit the incorporation of more intimate and detailed data into preexisting systems. Public concern with locational surveillance systems has focused on privacy. However, “privacy” may be an inadequate frame through which to understand these issues and to fashion appropriate responses. 相似文献
82.
Norms, reliabilities, and validities for the five scales of an instrument designed to measure Bruner’s model are presented. In testing the instrument on a random sample of men and women, it was found that persons of both sexes emphasized knowledge of society, human condition, natural world, past, and artistic heritage in that order. It is suggested that the Educational Values Inventory may be able to provide useful information to educational planners when developing institutional goals. 相似文献
83.
84.
Priscilla F. Heard Sally A. Divall Sandra D. Johnson 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(11):1133-1146
The primary objective of the research was to establish whether the use of the newly developed audiopilot (a personalized auditory commentary system) facilitates both hands-on exploration and the understanding of scientific principles in a science centre. Twenty-four ten year-old children used the AudioPilot while they interacted with a set of pendulum experiments. A control group of 28 children from the same classes experienced the same experiments but without the Audio-Pilot. Videos were made of all the children and their behaviours were later coded. They completed a questionnaire about pendulums before and after going to the science centre. A gender effect emerged. The audio-pilot greatly facilitated the girls' hands-on activity and improved their questionnaire scores, which was highly statistically significant. This suggests that auditory commentaries are a good way of communicating difficult scientific concepts, especially to girls. Further research is needed to confirm whether this finding can be generalized over different schools. 相似文献
85.
Priscilla Chadwick 《牛津教育评论》2013,39(4):475-487
Many of the contemporary issues in education in Britain have their roots in the conflicts and compromises of the past. This is particularly so of the place of church schools in the overall provision of education nationally. Our increasingly secular and multicultural society naturally questions the ongoing relevance of explicitly Christian schools in the state education system of the 21st century (cf. Times Educational Supplement , 23 February 2001); yet the demand for pupil admissions to church denominational schools remains strong. The current government is committed to raising standards in all schools and acknowledges the significant contribution that the ethos and value-systems of church schools play in their success; yet it is aware that the 'dual system' of secular and religious schools, as an historic compromise, has given rise to considerable tensions with the state in the past (Chadwick, 1997) and could well do again in the future. 相似文献
86.
Katie E. Cherry Priscilla D. Allen Erin M. Jackson Karri S. Hawley Susan Brigman 《Educational gerontology》2013,39(4):281-297
The Knowledge of Memory Aging Questionnaire (KMAQ) measures laypersons' knowledge of normal memory changes and pathological memory deficits in adulthood. In Experiment 1, undergraduate and graduate social work students and social work practitioners completed the KMAQ. Social workers and graduate students were more accurate on the pathological than normal memory aging items, but undergraduate students' knowledge did not differ by question type. Experiment 2 was a conceptual replication where the same pattern of outcomes was obtained using a more heterogeneous sample to increase the ecological validity of the findings. Results confirmed that nonmedical and medical staff at an assisted living facility and health care professionals were more accurate on the pathological than normal memory aging items. Community college and university students' accuracy was similar across question type. Implications for research and the design of education programs to increase awareness of normal and pathological memory deficits in late life are considered. 相似文献
87.
Priscilla Ann Gibson 《Journal of Teaching in Social Work》2013,33(2):199-214
Social work students, regardless of their multiple social identities in oppressed and oppressor groups, are called upon to take action against social injustice. This conceptual article introduces the Ally Model of social justice and its alignment with social work values and goals and recommends it to social work educators as a pedagogical tool to use when teaching about oppression, differentness, and privilege. It presents the literature on the model and its characteristics through the social work lens of awareness/knowledge, attitudes/beliefs/feelings, and actions/skills. It also provides limitations of the model and observations of students’ responses, based on their identities, that may act as barriers when learning about oppression and privilege. Finally, recommendations for the implementation of the model across the curriculum are offered. 相似文献
88.
John Rinard Priscilla M. Clarkson Lucille L. Smith Marlene Grossman 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):229-236
It has previously been shown that females incur less muscle damage than males after strenuous exercise, but limited data are available for humans. To determine possible differences between the sexes in humans, the response to high-force eccentric exercise was examined in a large sample of women (n = 83) and men (n = 82). The participants performed a bout of eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors consisting of 70 maximal repetitions. Isometric strength, resting elbow angle and muscle soreness were measured before, immediately after (except soreness) and then daily for 7 days after exercise. There was a significant loss in strength among both groups (69% for women and 63% for men) (P?0.01) immediately after exercise; at 168 h post-exercise, women still had a 27% strength loss and men had a 24% strength loss. No significant difference in strength loss or recovery rate was found between men and women. Soreness reached peak values 32-48 h post-exercise (P?0.01), with no significant difference between men and women. Range of motion decreased significantly until 3 days after exercise (14.6° or 0.255 rad loss for women; 12.2° or 0.213 rad loss for men) (P?0.01); at 168 h post-exercise, the women and men still showed a loss of 4.8° (0.084 rad) and 4.0° (0.07 rad), respectively. There was a significant interaction of sex x time (P?0.01); a post-hoc test indicated that the women experienced a greater loss in range of motion at 72 h than men and this difference was maintained to 168 h post-exercise (P?0.01). Thus, our results do not support the contention that women have a lower response to eccentric exercise than men. 相似文献
89.
Walter Kroll Priscilla M. Clarkson Gary Kamen Jean Lambert 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2):323-333
Abstract Muscle fiber type composition in the vastus lateralis and knee extension isometric strength fatigue patterns were assessed in eight endurance-trained and eight power-trained males. Two different 25-trial isometric contraction exercise regimens were administered: a 10-second contraction, 5-second intertrial rest condition designed to induce a fast rate of fatigue and a 10-second contraction, 20-second intertrial rest condition designed to induce a slower rate of fatigue. The power group fatigued almost four times faster than the endurance group in the 10:5 exercise condition. In the 10:20 exercise condition, the endurance group showed no fatigue pattern while the power group had a significant strength decrement of 32%. In both exercise conditions, the power group exhibited more complex fatigue patterns in terms of statistically significant trend components. Maximum isometric strength correlated positively with slow twitch (ST) percent number in power (r = .80) and endurance (r = .48) groups, but negatively with linear trend coefficients in endurance (r = -.62) and power (r = -.80) groups. Maximum isometric strength also correlated higher with fatigue curve trend coefficients than did muscle fiber type composition. Thus, a faster rate of fatigue was associated with higher maximum isometric strength and with higher ST percent number and area. Since maximum isometric strength correlated with body weight (r = .86 for groups combined), both maximum isometric strength and muscle mass appear to be more important determinants of knee extension isometric strength fatigue patterns than muscle fiber type composition. 相似文献
90.
Melissa Buultjens Priscilla Robinson Jeannette Milgrom 《The Journal of perinatal education》2012,21(2):99-111
Studies have shown increasing Internet use for health information and service facilities. After consulting a convenience sample of new mothers, this study applied select terms and phrases to a widely accepted search engine and investigated its potential for providing resources for new mothers. Results of this quantitative content analysis showed that only four of the 13 phrases used in the search generated 50% or more websites containing content relevant to new mothers. Findings indicate that informational support by way of electronic fact sheets is available using the Google search engine. However, functional support (e.g., social networks, consultation phone details, and mother–infant activities) configured limited data resources using the Google search engine. In addition, because websites can be difficult to navigate, users’ technical proficiency needs to be taken into consideration as well as the sites’ up-to-date information. With Internet technology rapidly expanding, perinatal educators and other perinatal health-care professionals need to be informed about current online resources to help direct consumers to useful online resources and mitigate the often overwhelming and confusing information. 相似文献