Subsidiarity in education: the example of British primary humanities

ABSTRACT

The nature and interpretation of differences between the achievements of females and males in senior secondary school studies in Australia, and the implications for policy and practice of these perceived differences, are showing signs of change. The ways in which these issues are discussed publicly across Australia are reviewed and then matched against indications that have emerged from data in one state (Queensland) and from other, published studies. This analysis suggests that there are important notions of gendered achievement that may not be receiving due consideration by those who formulate policy or analyse practice.     

Today's speech books in review

Boardman, Gail, Oral Communication of Literature, 1953, N. Y.: Prentice‐Hall, pp. 472, $4.95.

Gassner, John, Producing The Play, (rev. ed.), 1953, N. Y.: Dryden Press, pp. 915, $5.75.

Gottlober, A. B., Understanding Stuttering, 1952, N. Y.: Grune and Stratton. pp. 288, $5.50.

Harding, H. F., The Age of Danger, 1952, N. Y.: Random House, pp. 561, $3.25.

Haut, Lillian, Speak Correctly, 1952, N. Y.: Speech Handbooks, pp. 56, $1.50.

Huston, A. D., and Sandberg, R. A., Everyday Business Speech, 1952, N. Y.: Prentice‐Hall, pp. 302, $4.00.

Johnson, W., et al, Diagnostic Manual In Speech Correction, 1953, N. Y.: Harper, pp. 221, $2.50.

Lee, C. I., Oral Interpretation, 1952, N. Y.: Houghton‐Mifflin. pp. 596, $3.50.

Lee, I. J., How To Talk With People, 1952, N. Y.: Harper, pp. 176, $2.00.

O'Brien, J. F., Parliamentary Law for The Layman, 1952, N. Y.: Harper, pp. 248, $3.00.

Van Dusen, C. R., Training The Voice For Speech, sec. ed., 1952, N. Y.: McGraw Hill. pp. 232, $3.50.

Van Riper, C., A Case Book In Speech Therapy, 1953, N. Y.: Prentice‐Hall, pp. 144, $2.75.     

Presidential address: Power and privilege in education: The perpetual problem of social class

Abstract

... white settlers require native servants, they can only ensure a continuous supply by seeing to it that the servants are kept in a state of decided educational inferiority. To educate them ... (would) inculcate such mischievous and intolerable ideas as democracy, the brotherhood of man, human freedoms and the like (Wellington, 1967, p. 391)

In 1990, after sixty‐seven years of apartheid rule Namibia gained independence from South Africa. The quote above illustrates the influences of political, socio‐economic and ideological factors on the development of Bantu education in Namibia [and South Africa], which sought to entrench and maintain the system of apartheid. The paper will explore the influences of these macro‐factors, specifically on teaching and learning, on the Bantu and other phases of education throughout Namibian history i.e. indigenous education, missionary education and education for all.     

Memory Aging Knowledge and Memory Self-Appraisal in Younger and Older Adults

The purpose of this study was to examine relationships among memory aging knowledge and memory self-appraisal in college students and community-dwelling older adults. Participants completed the Knowledge of Memory Aging Questionnaire ([KMAQ] Cherry, Brigman, Hawley, & Reese, 2003 Cherry , K. E. , Brigman , S. , Hawley , K. S. , & Reese , C. M. ( 2003 ). The knowledge of memory aging questionnaire: Effects of adding a ‘don't know’ response option . Educational Gerontology , 29 , 427 – 446 . doi: 10.1080/713844360 [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) and the Memory Functioning Questionnaire ([MFQ] Gilewski, Zelinski, & Schaie, 1990 Gilewski , M. J. , Zelinski , E. M. , & Schaie , K. ( 1990 ). The memory functioning questionnaire for assessment of memory complaints in adulthood and old age . Psychology and Aging , 5 , 482 – 490 . doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.5.4.482 [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). We hypothesized that poorer performance on the KMAQ stereotype scale, suggesting an ageist response bias, would be associated with more negative self-appraisals of memory. Results confirmed that responses on the KMAQ stereotype scale were significantly associated with responses on the MFQ Frequency of Forgetting scale and two shorter scales derived from the full MFQ, the memory self-efficacy scale (Zelinski & Gilewski, 2004 Zelinski , E. M. , & Gilewski , M. J. ( 2004 ). A 10-item Rasch modeled memory self-efficacy scale . Aging & Mental Health , 8 , 293 – 306 . doi: 10.1080/13607860410001709665 [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), and a revised Seriousness of Forgetting scale after controlling for age and educational level. Implications of these findings for the development of instructional materials to improve memory aging knowledge and memory self-appraisal in adulthood are discussed.     

师生在德育过程中的主体地位及其相互关系

究竟谁是德育的主体,这是一个理论问题,更是一个实践问题。厘清德育主体的概念,明晰德育主体的地位与作用,有利于德育实践的深化与德育目标的达成。文章明确提出,德育活动作为师生共同参与的双边活动,师生在互为道德认识与实践的客体的同时,共同构成德育的主体。德育活动的展开,德育过程的深化,需要同时发挥师生作为德育主体的作用,即一方面需要发挥教师的引导作用,另一方面需要发挥学生自主道德建构的作用。     

Framing Falun Gong: Xinhua news agency's coverage of the new religious movement in China

Falun Gong caught the eyes of the Beijing leadership when more than 10,000 of its practitioners gathered at the Zhongnanhai government compound in Beijing on April 25, 1999. It attracted the attention of the world when the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) started cracking down on the group three months later, claiming this to be the most serious political incident since the student uprising at Tiananmen Square on June 4, 1989. Scholars have attempted to contextualize the cultural, political, and economic climate in contemporary China that allowed this group to rise in a relatively short period and to assess the causes of the CCP's nationwide campaign oppressing the group. Relatively little attention, however, has been paid to exploring the media's role in supporting the government's cause in this campaign. This study examines journalistic narrative and framing of Falun Gong as a social threat in one news organization's attempt to legitimize the government's crackdown against the group. Although the economic reforms and political relaxation since the 1980s might have expanded the media's latitude, the press, especially state-owned media outlets, still functions as an agent for the Beijing regime in important political and social issues. This paper shows how journalists, through news frames, construct particular parameters within which to assess the ‘reality’ about Falun Gong.     

Inoculation to resist attacks

The present study tested inoculation theory in international context. Core inoculation concepts and variables were examine, especially focusing on relationships among inoculation treatments, issue involvement, perceived threat, resistance to counter-attitudinal attack, attitudinal confidence, and change of attitude.

A two-wave telephone survey of 206 randomly sampled citizens was conducted in Taiwan. The method of field experiment in a context of the formation of public opinion regarding Taiwan's political future was performed. Results from the panel data supported major hypotheses of this study. Inoculation strategies elevated people's resistance to attitude change. People who identified themselves with higher party identification were more resistant to counter-attitudinal political attacks. In addition, people who received an inoculation pretreatment, as compared to those who did not, grew more confident in their attitudes over time. A partial support data also indicated that higher involved participants tended to be more resistant to counter-attitudinal messages. This study has provided international evidence for the robust inoculation theory and related strategies.     

告诉他应该往哪走

马格丽特·桑斯特是一位杰出的社会活动家.她在一个大城市的贫民窟工作期间亲身经历的一件事情,令她至今难以释怀.