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91.
Kamin’s three-stage blocking paradigm was investigated in rabbit eyelid conditioning, Two manipulations were examined. A change in the CS-US interval from Stage 1 to Stage 2 did not attenuate blocking. The introduction of a salient stimulus during the intertriai interval in Stage 2 also failed to attenuate blocking. The first result is not consistent with Kamin’s interpretation of the blocking effect in terms of US surprisingness. The second resuit is inconsistent with a prediction based on the Rescorla-Wagner model. 相似文献
92.
Professor Wynne Harlen 《Research in Science Education》1997,27(3):323-337
Research carried out over a period of two years into primary teachers' understanding of concepts in science and technology
provided information about teachers' confidence in teaching science, their understanding of a range of key ideas and their
background of science in their own education. The early part of the paper describes how these data were collected, noting
that the method of interviewing used to explore teachers' understanding served as an opportunity for the advancement of their
understanding. The relationships among the variables of confidence, understanding and background in science are then explored.
Although teachers expressed low confidence in teaching science, which was linked to a lack of understanding of scientific
ideas, they also claimed not to find great difficulty in using certain teaching skills required for science, including those
which would appear to demand content knowledge. This apparent anomaly is discussed and linked to the strategies used by teachers
to cope with low confidence and understanding. The paper ends by considering briefly the role of content knowledge in teaching
science. 相似文献
93.
94.
Peter Williams 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》2017,42(6):978-989
Assessment in higher education has focused on the performance of individual students. This focus has been a practical as well as an epistemic one: methods of assessment are constrained by the technology of the day, and in the past they required the completion by individuals under controlled conditions of set-piece academic exercises. Recent advances in learning analytics, drawing upon vast sets of digitally stored student activity data, open new practical and epistemic possibilities for assessment, and carry the potential to transform higher education. It is becoming practicable to assess the individual and collective performance of team members working on complex projects that closely simulate the professional contexts that graduates will encounter. In addition to academic knowledge, this authentic assessment can include a diverse range of personal qualities and dispositions that are key to the computer-supported cooperative working of professionals in the knowledge economy. This paper explores the implications of such opportunities for the purpose and practices of assessment in higher education, as universities adapt their institutional missions to address twenty-first century needs. The paper concludes with a strong recommendation for university leaders to deploy analytics to support and evaluate the collaborative learning of students working in realistic contexts. 相似文献
95.
A SYSTEMIC,STUDENT-CENTERED STUDY OF UNIVERSITY SERVICE 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper discusses the methods and findings ofthe Student Focus Project, a sixmonth study of studentperceptions of service at a large university inBrisbane, Australia. The study paneled 24 focus groups of undergraduate students to assess theirbeliefs about a pretested set of questions concerningpositive and negative aspects of university life,successes and frustrations with university service,attempts to overcome the obstacles of university life,and what students expect from their relationship to theuniversity. Of the themes identified in the StudentFocus study, it was found that malignantbureaucracy and the balkanization ofInformation are systemic factors that negativelyinfluence student perceptions of the quality ofuniversity service. It was also found that studentstrategies for service recovery can contribute to the overall confusion andpoor performance of university services. 相似文献
96.
Peter Whalley 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》1995,26(3):190-204
The computer was first seen as a calculating engine, and only more recently as a way to view and manipulate the dynamic media. Now as a tool for imagining the computer allows us to explore and think 'What if?' about imagined objects and situations. In this paper an analysis is made of the image types that best support engaged multimedia interactivity and which can contribute to the perception of multimedia as a resource for imaginative teaching and learning. 相似文献
97.
Albert W. Wienen Inge Reijnders Marleen H. van Aggelen Elske H. Bos Laura Batstra Peter de Jonge 《Psychology in the schools》2019,56(2):232-241
School‐wide positive behavior support (SWPBS) is a systemic approach for implementing a proactive schoolwide discipline and for improving students’ academic and behavioral outcomes by targeting the school’s organizational and social culture. With a multilevel approach, the present study evaluates the relative effectiveness of SWPBS on teachers’ perceptions of the student behavior (N = 3,295) across schools, teachers, and children using a multilevel approach. We assessed teacher perception of student problem behavior five times during a 3‐year implementation of SWPBS in 23 Dutch schools. Multilevel analyses not only revealed a small increase in perceived prosocial behavior and a small decrease in problems with peers, but also different effects across children, teachers, and schools. Effects were stronger for girls and for students with higher severity of perceived problems at baseline. At teachers’ level, higher mean baseline severity of perceived problems was associated with the reduced impact of SWPBS on perceived emotional problems and problems with peers. At the school level, effects were stronger for regular schools as compared with special needs schools. 相似文献
98.
Peter Elfer Katy Dearnley 《Early Years: An International Journal of Research and Development》2007,27(3):267-279
Despite official endorsement of attachment principles in nursery work, these are often not translated into nursery practice. One possible reason for this is that staff training does not sufficiently address the personal implications and anxieties that children's attachments may entail for practitioners. Working from a psychoanalytic perspective on organisational functioning and group learning, this paper describes action research with a group of nursery heads who participated in a professional development programme designed specifically to explore emotional experience in professional work. The positive evaluations of the programme by heads and their staff are described including examples of experiential learning and of increased staff awareness about, and responsiveness to, the emotional experience of children. However, the research also concluded that sustained effectiveness of the model is likely to be dependent on an ongoing culture of attention to the emotional experience of nursery staff within nursery umbrella organisations. 相似文献
99.
100.
Peter Zeegers 《高等教育研究与发展》2002,21(1):73-92
The Biggs' Study Process Questionnaire (SPQ), an instrument for the evaluation of student learning in higher education, was revised over a three-year period with over 2500 tertiary students. The original instrument structure of 42 items in 6 sub-scales was maintained with each item being subject to revision and assessed for internal consistency and appropriateness through a sequence of trial and retrial. The final version consists of 8 original items and 34 revised items. This version was evaluated with 996 students, at first-year and third-year level, through the use of confirmatory factor analysis using AMOS. The two models having the best fit to the data are represented by the original six sub-scale model which loads onto two higher order factors, a deep approach and a surface approach to learning, or a seven sub-scale version which loads on the same two higher order factors. Evidence is presented as to the preference of the latter model. 相似文献