Attributions and Attitudes of Mothers and Fathers in China

OBJECTIVE: The present study examined mothers' and fathers' attributions and attitudes related to parenting in China. DESIGN: Interviews were conducted with 241 pairs of parents to obtain maternal and paternal reports of attributions regarding successes and failures in parent-child interactions and on progressive versus authoritarian attitudes about parenting. RESULTS: Mothers' mean levels of attributions and attitudes did not differ significantly from fathers' mean levels of attributions and attitudes. Significant correlations were found between mothers' and fathers' attributions regarding uncontrollable success, authoritarian attitudes, and modernity of attitudes. CONCLUSIONS: Supporting the cultural evolutionary view that drastic social changes bring about non-conforming and individualistic behavioral tendencies, these findings rectify and expand the existing literature portraying Chinese parenting as uniformly Confucian and traditional.     

高校贫困生积极心理品质发展现状及教育对策研究

积极心理健康教育是当前高校心理健康教育的一面旗帜,积极心理品质的培养是积极心理健康教育的核心内容.量表测量表明:(1)所调查贫困大学生样本的积极心理品质总体状况良好;除认知维度差异不显著外,其他五个维度均显著高于非贫困生对照组;除两维度差异不显著外,认知维度、情感维度和节制维度高于全国常模,人际维度显著低于全国常模.(2)具体而言,在20项积极心理品质中,贫困大学生发展最好的五项品质为心灵触动、真诚、团队精神、爱与善良、希望信念,最差的五项品质为社交智慧、幽默风趣、创造力、领导能力、自制;贫困生显著高于非贫困生的品质有11项,显著高于全国常模的品质9项,显著低于全国常模的品质有6项.(3)在贫困大学生群体内部也存在着年级、性别、生源地等方面的差异.据此结果,本研究提出一些针对性的教育对策.     

我国学术型研究生培养模式运行状况的调查研究——基于全国14所重点高校问卷数据

对全国14所重点高校2800位学术型研究生进行培养模式运行状况的专题调研,调研内容包括学生基本信息、招生环节、培养过程、考核评价、生活情况、自我评价、对策建议七个方面。调研发现,有利于培养创新能力的课程比例不高,学生首次参加课题研究的时间过迟,毕业论文选题准备不足,独立完成能力不强,高水平科研成果偏少。以培养拔尖创新能力为目标完善研究生培养模式仍是高校重要任务,要建立学术本科-学术硕士-学术博士一条龙研究性培养对接体系,以＂三题＂（课题、专题、问题）研究接力提升学生创新能力;建立责权利相统一的考评体系,使导师的主要时间精力放在人才培养上;开设研究性、前沿性、创新性课程,着力实施探究式教学模式;大幅增加研究生教育投入,培育创新性研究环境和氛围,使导师和学生成为令人羡慕的知识创新共同体。     

成舍我：一生办报历坎坷

在成舍我70余年的办报生涯中,他曾数十次被捕入狱,报馆多次被封,也曾因为不满他人对其办报自由的限制,数次愤然主动辞职。更因日寇的侵略,被迫停办了数份自己用心血凝聚的报纸,其资产沦为敌手。他的一生办报经历可谓＂悲壮＂,反映了旧中国报人的坎坷之路。     

高职高专对外汉语专业学生的基本素质浅析

目前,由于汉语热的迅猛发展,越来越多的人踊跃加入到对外汉语教师的行列中来。一些高职高专院校也相继开办了对外汉语专业,向社会广泛培养和输送对外汉语教师。对外汉语教师的素质直接影响着对外汉语教学的发展,因而对外汉语教师要具有良好的基本素质,主要包括深厚的中国文化底蕴、雄厚的汉语功底、广博的教育理论知识、扎实的心理学基础、过硬的教师基本功等,以促进对外汉语教学的发展。     

中非关系的发展与展望

中非之间的交往历史源远流长,有文字记载的历史已达两千多年。丝绸和瓷器始终是古代中国与非洲贸易的主要产品。随着历史的演进,中非之间的互动贸易渠道不断增多、内容不断丰富、手段也呈多样化,所有这一切构成了一幅古代中非交往的壮丽史诗。新中国成立以后,中非关系取得了巨大的进展,中非之间在相互反殖、反帝、反霸斗争中建立了深厚的友谊。改革开放以来,中非关系在经贸领域发展迅速,特别是近年来,中非关系进入了一个重要的历史机遇期。尽管当前中非关系中存在一些不稳定的因素,但总体来看中非关系仍将继续大步向前发展。     

农村医疗卫生政策创新的法制保障

农村医疗卫生政策创新与改革是当前我国农村医疗卫生工作面临的一项重要任务.在强调依法治国的条件下,加强法治建设,是消弥政策缺陷、保证政策实施效果的必要举措.为此,从制定基础性法律、建立专项法规体系和修订完善关联性、配套性法律法规体系三个方面着手,加强相关法治建设,是农村卫生政策创新与改革的必然选择.     

Skills for Independence for Children with Cerebral Palsy: a comparative longitudinal study

Thirty‐six children with cerebral palsy, aged 3.5 to 4.5 years were compared on their skills for independence. Of the 36 boys and girls, 19 children were enrolled in a Conductive Education Program in Birmingham and 17 were enrolled in British special education programs in the Greater Manchester area. Skills for independence were measured with the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales via teachers’ responses, once a year on three occasions. Parents were interviewed using the Developmental Profile 2, once a year on three occasions. The results of two‐way ANOVA with one repeated measure on both teachers’ and parents’ responses indicate that there was no significant difference between the two groups in their skills for independence. However, both groups performed significantly better as they were getting older. Despite the strong emphasis on independence in Conductive Education, the children's level of independence was no different from their counterparts. Thus, the claim for the effectiveness of Conductive Education is not supported by the study.     

Learning science through technological design

In the course of a decade of research on learning in technology‐centered classrooms, my research group has gained considerable understanding of why and how students learn science by designing technology. In this article I briefly review two dimensions in which science and technology share fundamental similarities: (a) the production and transformation of representations and (b∥ the action‐oriented language describing the two domains. Because it is fundamentally problematic to derive what ought to happen in science classrooms from other dimensions, I provide three episodes to illustrate what and how students know and learn science during technological design activities. Episodes and analyses embody the two dimensions previously outlined. Because these episodes are representative of the database established during an extensive research program, I suggest there is sufficient ground for using and investigating science‐through‐technology curricula. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 38: 768–790, 2001     

Why Do We Want to Change Teachers’ Beliefs and How Could We Support These Changes? The Case of Conceptions of Learning

The theoretical part of this paper argues for an embedding of the question of stability and change of teachers’ conceptions of learning into the researchers epistemological standpoint. The empirical part illustrates this statement by showing how changes in a teacher's conception of learning could be understood from a constructivist perspective. According to this perspective, conceptions are related to other relational and environmental variables that form a meaningful configuration. Thus, although conceptions of learning appear as relatively stable cognitive structures, they are also related to environmental variables to be managed by the teachers’ educators. This research result determines the discussion of the basic questions addressed in the title of this paper: why do we want to change teachers beliefs and how could we, as teachers’ educators, support these changes.