技术监测方法在纳米技术领域的应用研究

文章通过简要介绍纳米技术的重要意义指出对纳米技术领域进行监测的必要性，并对其进行了详细的实证监测分析评估，最后根据纳米技术的监测结果对发展我国纳米技术提出了政策建议。     

知乎问答社区回答者知识贡献行为受同伴效应影响研究

社会化问答社区的出现改变了原有的问答模式并拓展了知识获取的途径。回答者作为知识的主要贡献者,是促进问答社区内知识传递的核心要素。现有关于问答社区用户的研究普遍以用户的属性数据为依据,较少考虑使用个体连接所形成的关系数据进行分析。本文以中文问答社区"知乎"为研究对象,爬取了"流行音乐"和"英语学习"两个话题下的大规模数据,通过构建回答者关注关系网络,定义和量化直接连接和间接连接两类同伴关系,使用网络自回归模型探究同伴效应对知识贡献行为的影响。研究发现,回答者的知识贡献行为会受到直接和间接连接同伴效应的正向影响,但是间接连接同伴效应会随着回答者网络密度的增加而逐渐减弱甚至消失,聚类系数对回答者的知识贡献行为有负向影响。     

典籍分类与学术演进——论《葆醇堂藏书录》的八分法体系

朱文藻编著的《葆醇堂藏书录》采用"经、艺、史、志、子、集、类、说"八分法,试图打破四部分类框架。他整合小类设立艺部,把志部、类部、说部提升为一级类目,调整部分二、三级类目的划分、名称和顺序,对类书的性质和丛书的价值做出新认识,反映出以小学、金石学、舆地之学等为代表的乾嘉学术风貌。《葆醇堂藏书录》本着灵活变通的编目原则,力求突破四分法的桎梏,在图书分类上体现学术发展,是古籍目录辨章学术、考镜源流的积极尝试。     

采访数字资源的版权风险和应对策略探讨

数字资源采访实践工作中,图书馆面临着极大的版权风险。基于近年来图书馆数字资源相关版权纠纷统计分析,总结采购数字资源中的版权风险主要包括数字资源中含侵权作品、合同风险、服务风险等。图书馆应该对我国著作权相关法律中图书馆的版权例外保护条款和数字资源采访中的版权风险有充分而深入的认识,积极参与相关法律法规的完善,加强对数字资源供应商、资源合法性和合同的审查,强化数字资源服务中的技术保护措施、注意和告知义务,并制定图书馆版权管理办法。     

“信息茧房”在西方:似是而非的概念与算法的“破茧”求解

桑斯坦提出的"信息茧房",基于美国两党政治的语境对新技术降低政治信息多元化以及政治信息极化的忧虑,如今却被泛用于所有信息。但是西方学界尚无有力研究证实"信息茧房"的存在。事实上,造成"信息茧房"的单纯信息环境很难在现实中出现。Web2.0技术提供了与志同道合的人讨论问题的机会,也增加了与那些持不同观点的人讨论问题的可能性,很难形成信息茧房和回音室。本文也探讨了算法优化以降低信息茧房风险的可能性。算法技术对多样性的提升主要基于两种路径:第一种路径是使个性化推荐系统的使用者"意识到未知";第二种路径是通过加深"个性化"来有效增强"多样性"。本文分析了信息聚合及其积极意义,以及Web2.0技术条件下"积极的受众(用户)"的可能。文中讨论了一些"除茧""破茧"的可能途径。我们不认同桑斯坦提出的偶然性信息的解决方案,认为真正要解决"信息茧房"之忧的问题,不如回到问题提出的原点,将实验条件下的单纯信息环境还原到人们的真实信息环境中,反省"信息茧房"这个虽有衍生空间和警示价值,却仍似是而非、缺乏科学证据的概念。     

Genetic analysis for brix weight per stool and its component traits in sugarcane （Saccharum officinarum）

Brix weight per stool (BW) of sugarcane is a complex trait, which is the final product of a combination of many components. Diallel cross experiments were conducted during a period of two years for BW and its five component traits, including stalk diameter (SD), stalk length (SL), stalk number (SN), stalk weight (SW), and brix scale (BS) of sugarcane. Phenotypic data of all the six traits were analyzed by mixed linear model and their phenotype variances were portioned into additive (A),dominance (D), additive×environment interaction (AE) and dominance×environment interaction (DE) effects, and the correlations of A, D, AE and DE effects between BW and its components were estimated. Conditional analysis was employed to investigate the contribution of the components traits to the variances of A, D, AE and DE effects of BW. It was observed that the heritabilities of BW were significantly attributed to A, D and DE by 23.9%, 30.9% and 28.5%, respectively. The variance of A effect for BW was significantly affected by SL, SN and BS by 25.3%, 93.7% and 17.4%, respectively. The variances of D and DE effects for BW were also significantly influenced by all the five components by 5.1%～85.5%. These determinants might be helpful in sugarcane breeding and provide valuable information for multiple-trait improvement of BW.     

Genetic analysis of fruit shape traits at different maturation stages in sponge gourd

The fruit shape is important quantitative trait closely related to the fruit quality. However, the genetic model of fruit shapes has not been proposed. Therefore, in the present study, analysis of genetic effects for fruit shape traits （fruit length and fruit perimeter） in sponge gourd was conducted by employing a developmental genetic model including fruit direct effects and maternal effects. Analysis approaches of unconditional and conditional variances were applied to evaluate the genetic behavior of fruit shape traits at economical and physiological maturation times. The results of variance analysis indicated that fruit length and fruit perimeter were simultaneously affected by fruit direct genetic effects and maternal effects. Fruit direct genetic effects were relatively more important for fruit shape traits at whole developmental period. The gene expression was most active at the economical maturation stage （1-12 d after flowering） for two shape traits, and the activation of gene was mostly due to direct dominance effects at physiological maturation stage （13-60 datter flowering）. The coefficients due to different genetic effects, as well as the phenotypic correlation coefficients, varied significantly between fruit shape traits themselves at various maturation stages. The results showed that it was relatively easy to improve fruit shape traits for industrial purpose by carefully selecting the parents at economical maturation stage instead of that at physiological maturation stage.     

批评话语分析中的隐喻现象研究——以腾讯QQ致用户信为例

批评话语分析（critical discourse analysis）作为语言学中新兴发展的学派,其主要目的是通过分析人们设计的符号来揭示语篇中含而不露的意识形态。隐喻（metaphor）作为认知语言学中的一个重要理论,近年来受到国内外学者的广泛关注。隐喻与社会性之间的关系在某种程度上把认知理论与批评话语分析结合起来,使构建认知批评话语分析框架成为可能。本文以分析CDA中的隐喻现象为基点,旨在探讨构建认知批评话语分析框架的可行性与优势;发掘大众语篇背后隐藏的意识形态并呼吁读者以批评的眼光阅读此类语篇。