高考英语全国卷与各省市自主命题卷阅读理解试题内容效度分析

本文根据效度研究的有关理论,结合《全日制高级中学英语教学大纲(试验修订版)》、《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》和2004—2006年的高考英语考试大纲,对这三年的高考英语阅读理解试题进行内容效度分析,结果表明:阅读理解的篇章体裁和题材比较多样化,体裁以说明文为主,部分试卷出现了应用文和描写文;题材以社会与文化为主,但其比重有下降趋势,科普类文章随后,比重略有增加;阅读量和生词量与大纲要求基本相符;考查技能中简单推断占的比例最大。分析中也发现部分选材和题项设计存在问题,对此,本文对阅读理解试题的命制和高中英语教学提出了相关建议。     

Primäre Glomerulonephritiden

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Curriculum Interventions for Area Measurement Instruction to Enhance Children’s Conceptual Understanding

This study examined the effectiveness of 3 curriculum interventions focused on strengthening children’s ability to solve area measurement problems and explored the instructional perspectives of the instructor who implemented the interventions. The interventions involved various degrees of emphasis on area measurement and knowledge of 2-dimensional geometry. Participants were 131 fourth graders, recruited from a city in northern Taiwan, and 1 instructor. The results confirmed the effectiveness of an enriched curriculum integrating knowledge of 2-dimensional geometry in enhancing children’s conceptual understanding of area measurement. The group that received the enriched curriculum outperformed the other groups that received the curricula stressing only 2-dimensional geometry or numerical calculations for area measurement in solving the area problems requiring mathematical judgments and explanations. The curriculum also facilitated children’s reasoning in distinguishing between the perimeter and area of a rectangle, which required higher-order mathematical thinking. Interview data revealed that approximately all children from the 3 intervention groups could identify the mathematical subject-matter components highlighted in the curricula. Interviewees tended to consider the use of formulae to solve area measurement problems to be important, despite some differences in learning gains among the 3 groups. In interviews, the participating instructor revealed a change of perspective regarding the importance of offering students opportunities for manipulation and geometric operations when teaching area measurement, prompted by curriculum enactment.     

论重复的修辞意义

重复历来被写家视为修辞之大忌，但经典作品中巧妙利用重复来表情迭意的例子却不鲜见。修辞学界长期以来只承认反复的辞格地位，似乎没有重视重复的修辞意义。其实只要把重复和反复细加比较，就可发现重复也具备修辞学意义上的本质特征，从而确立它的辞格地位。     

自然速度裸足跑足底压力特征与慢跑鞋设计研究

摘要：目的：以探索自然速度裸足跑单步足支撑时间与负荷结构的部位分布规律为基础,并依据功能设计2要素（位置选择与频率设置）的特征研究慢跑鞋能量回输功能设计的策略与方法。方法：研究主要利用RSscan系统对91名大学生自然速度裸足跑进行了足底压力测试。首先采用独立样本T检验、单因素方差分析与卡方构成比检验等方法分析自然速度裸足跑足支撑的时间与负荷特征, 然后利用聚类分析与判别分析对慢跑鞋设计进行了量化研究。结果：自然速度裸足跑单步支撑时间先短后长、负荷空间分布不均集中作用于后足与前足,但时间与负荷分布均无性别差异;大众慢跑鞋后跟与前掌回弹频率的类别设计具有小中大频3类确定标准,个体慢跑鞋类别选择具有确定方法。结论：1）自然速度裸足跑个体单步足支撑先快后慢、节奏鲜明,负荷集中作用于后跟与前掌,但节奏与负荷均无性别差异。2）获得了小中大频3类大众慢跑鞋频率设计标准,并给出了个体慢跑鞋类别选择标准与方法。3）提出了有利于能量回输的个性化专业慢跑鞋设计思路与策略。     

HUSTserver:一种可靠的高性能附网存储系统的实现

1　Introduction　Emergingapplicationssuchasdatawarehousing ,multimediacontentdistribution ,electroniccom merce ,medicaldatabaseandsatellitedatabaseshavesubstantialstoragerequirementsthataregrowingatadramaticallyrate .Suchapplicationsrequirescalable ,highly availableandcost effectivestoragesystems .Traditionalstoragesystemsrelyonacentralcon troller (fileserver ,diskarraycontroller)toaccessstorageandcopydatabetweenstoragedevicesandclients,whichlimitstheirscalability .Withthedra maticshifttowards…     

稻田主要节肢类捕食性天敌群落的多样性

对稻田主要节肢类捕食性天敌群落的多样性,及其与稻飞虱发生之间的关系进行了研究。结果表明,不同时间、不同地点以及水稻不同生育期的天敌群落的多样性有明显差异;化学农药的使用大大降低了群落多样性。天敌群落的多样性与稻飞虱的发生有一定的相关关系,多样性高的节肢类捕食性天敌群落能抑制稻飞虱的大发生。     

Is Inequality Among Universities Increasing? Gini Coefficients and the Elusive Rise of Elite Universities

One of the unintended consequences of the New Public Management (NPM) in universities is often feared to be a division between elite institutions focused on research and large institutions with teaching missions. However, institutional isomorphisms provide counter-incentives. For example, university rankings focus on certain output parameters such as publications, but not on others (e.g., patents). In this study, we apply Gini coefficients to university rankings in order to assess whether universities are becoming more unequal, at the level of both the world and individual nations. Our results do not support the thesis that universities are becoming more unequal. If anything, we predominantly find homogenisation, both at the level of the global comparisons and nationally. In a more restricted dataset (using only publications in the natural and life sciences), we find increasing inequality for those countries, which used NPM during the 1990s, but not during the 2000s. Our findings suggest that increased output steering from the policy side leads to a global conformation to performance standards.     

Explicit Vocabulary Instruction in Kindergarten: Case Studies of Students With and Without Language Disorders

Research demonstrates that children can make more significant gains through explicit instruction of vocabulary than implicit instruction (Blachowicz and Fisher in Teaching vocabulary in all classrooms, Allyn & Bacon, Boston, MA, 2010; Dalton and Grisham in Read Teach 64(5):306–317, 2011). Effective explicit instruction often includes high quality conversations with teachers and peers (Towson et al. in J Early Interv 38(4):230–246, 2016; Wasik in Read Teach 63(8):621–633, 2010). Data for this study were collected from a larger study designed to explore students’ use of vocabulary words following explicit instruction with the words during an interactive read-aloud. A deeper microanalysis of student discussion, scaffolded by adults, was conducted. The transcribed student discussions, recorded during peer talk, were analyzed using NVivo 10 (QSR International in NVivo (version 10). NVivo qualitative data analysis software, QSR International, Doncaster, VIC, 2012) software. These case studies describe the vocabulary development of two children with diagnosed speech and language disorders and one child without a speech and language impairment.