浅论统计在现代企业管理中的作用

随着我国的经济体制由社会主义计划经济转向社会主义市场经济,企业的性质、地位及其外部环境都发生了巨大的变化。企业是从事商品生产、流通和交换等活动的经济实体,实行自主经营、自负盈亏。企业被推向市场,参与市场竞争。企业在产、供、销等方面需要更多地来自市场的信息。统计作为企业管理中的一项基础性工作,正发挥着日益重要的作用。本文通过分析论述统计在新时期企业管理中的具体作用,进一步阐明了为实现这些作用,企业统计应从哪些方面开展工作。     

论会计诚信危机与国有资本退出

中国会计已面临诚信危机的严峻挑战。会计诚信危机的根源在于国有企业委托人虚位，而国有企业治理结构的缺陷成为这场危机爆发的诱因。国有资本退出有助于实现企业委托人实位化和完善公司治理结构，从这个意义上来说，国有资本退出也是重塑会计诚信的一项重大举措。     

iSchool视野下基于需求的图书馆学专业人才培养改革

论文在i School研究背景下,以国内109所"211"高校图书馆为调查对象,对这些图书馆官网上的招聘信息进行调查研究,通过分析招聘人数、招聘岗位、招聘条件、学历要求、专业要求等,总结"211"高校图书馆的用人现状,发现高校图书馆对应聘人员的学历要求越来越高,而专业要求则呈现多样化趋势。笔者以此为基础反思图书馆学教育未来之路,认为在i School视野下需从培养专业认同感、注重发挥本专业的核心优势、着力培养复合型人才、加强硕士和博士教育、加强学术和实践交流等入手,改进发展之路。     

普通科技语篇中的人际意义

不同潜在的读者对科技英话语域特征造成的影响开始受到人们的重视。本文将主要通过作者在人称,语气和情态中作出的选择对普通科技语篇做一个粗略的分析,探索科技语篇中的人际意义。     

试论经济观念对齐法家和三晋法家政治理念的影响

三晋法家和齐法家同为法家 ,但政治理念却不相同。齐法家是理性的、有序的君主专制 ,三晋法家是绝对的、极端的君主专制。表现在司法上 ,齐法家把法律置于君主之上 ,三晋法家则将君主置于法律之上 ;在君臣关系上 ,齐法家主张君臣互相约束 ,三晋法家则要求臣绝对服从于君 ;在刑罚的使用上 ,齐法家按罪配刑 ,求之公平 ,三晋法家按需配刑 ,求之效益 ;在治国的宗旨上 ,齐法家主张富民而治 ,三晋法家主张民贫而治。文章从经济观念角度分析了产生差异的原因 :齐法家重视并发展工商业是其理性、有序的政治理念产生的基础 ,而三晋法家对工商业的强力抑制只能产生极端专制的政治理念。     

Breaking up is hard to do: the resilience of the rock group as an organizational form for creating music

Though there is a long tradition of band members quitting the group or taking a hiatus, the rock group as an organization to produce music continues to be both popular and economically viable. The research question addressed in this paper is whether or not it is a good idea to quit or take a hiatus from the group. We begin with a discussion of the framework for understanding why groups are formed and why they may be difficult to keep together. We then discuss differences between groups in the decade of the 1960s versus today. We argue that there is something unique about the output of the group even with the changes in the structure of contracts, compensation, and consumer focus on the artist that explain the resilience of the rock band as an organizational form within which to create music. We compare the charting success of bands that have members leave the group with the charting success of the members who left the group. We identified the groups in five representative years: 1965, 1975, 1985, 1995, and 2005. We then analyzed the entire Billboard Hot 100 charting careers of those groups and the artists who quit those groups. Our main finding is that when charting success is divided equally among members, going solo pays off—there is a clear economic rationale because solo acts have greater average charting success than the original bands they started in. The other ensuing side projects: duos, collaborations, and other groups are not as lucrative as the original bands. These findings are valid for members of charting groups from each of the 5 years examined. Despite the difficulties in keeping a rock band together, there are fewer band breakups today and remaining with the group generally results in a longer and more productive charting career. Thus, the rock group remains an important organization for producing contemporary music. However, there remains a compelling incentive to go solo. Superstars may benefit from solo projects, but for the average, non-superstar group member, in many circumstances it is better for the band to stay together if the income is divided equally.     

Strategic Capacity and Organisational Capabilities: A Challenge for Universities

Are universities able to operate as strategic actors? An organisational sociology based approach supported by a comparative field research project identifies three types of social, cultural and cognitive processes that play a decisive role in building and implementing local capabilities required to mobilise a strategic capacity. The paper identifies how much these processes are present in the four ideal-types of universities defined by crossing their reputation and their metrics-based performance. Such a meso deterministic perspective suggests that universities may position themselves as proactive actors or principals, and not just as agents of national reforms and political demands. Nevertheless, their ability to do it varies according to their type. The paper also explores the implications of such findings for institutional leadership and steering policymakers.     

Unsustainable Growth,Hyper-Competition,and Worth in Life Science Research: Narrowing Evaluative Repertoires in Doctoral and Postdoctoral Scientists’ Work and Lives

There is a crisis of valuation practices in the current academic life sciences, triggered by unsustainable growth and “hyper-competition.” Quantitative metrics in evaluating researchers are seen as replacing deeper considerations of the quality and novelty of work, as well as substantive care for the societal implications of research. Junior researchers are frequently mentioned as those most strongly affected by these dynamics. However, their own perceptions of these issues are much less frequently considered. This paper aims at contributing to a better understanding of the interplay between how research is valued and how young researchers learn to live, work and produce knowledge within academia. We thus analyze how PhD students and postdocs in the Austrian life sciences ascribe worth to people, objects and practices as they talk about their own present and future lives in research. We draw on literature from the field of valuation studies and its interest in how actors refer to different forms of valuation to account for their actions. We explore how young researchers are socialized into different valuation practices in different stages of their growing into science. Introducing the concept of “regimes of valuation” we show that PhD students relate to a wider evaluative repertoire while postdocs base their decisions on one dominant regime of valuing research. In conclusion, we discuss the implications of these findings for the epistemic and social development of the life sciences, and for other scientific fields.     

基于OPAC的图书馆馆藏资源整合

如何将图书馆馆藏的各种数字资源、电子资源及网络资源合理的整合在一起,实现资源的有效利用,已经成为现代图书馆的一个重要课题。通过一些资源整合的实例,探讨基于OPAC系统的馆藏资源整合解决方法。