Tandem Biocatalysis by CotA-TJ102@UIO-66-NH2 and Novozym 435 for Highly Selective Transformation of HMF into FDCA

2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid(FDCA) is a potential biorenewable chemical for applications including plastics, polyamides, drugs, etc. The selective biosynthesis of FDCA from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF) by a specific enzyme poses a great challenge. In this study, we reported an efficient strategy to produce FDCA from HMF by the tandem biocatalysis of laccase(Cot A-TJ102@UIO-66-NH_2) and Novozym 435. For the first step, a nanoparticle metal–organic framework was synthesized as a carrier to immobilize Cot A-TJ102@UIO-66-NH_2, which was assigned for the production of 5-formyl-2-furancarboxylic acid(FFCA) and featured an enzyme loading of 255.54 mg/g, specific activity of 135.90 U/mg, and solid loading ratio of 99.65%. Under optimal conditions, an ideal FFCA yield of 98.5% was achieved, and the Cot A-TJ102@UIO-66-NH_2 presented a high recycling capacity after 10 cycles. For the second step, Novozym 435 was applied for the further conversion of FFCA into FDCA, presenting a high FDCA yield of 95.5% under the optimized conditions. Novozym 435 also exhibited a high recyclability after eight cycles. As a result, the tandem biocatalysis strategy provided a 94.2% FDCA yield from HMF, indicating its excellence as a method for FDCA production.     

用Authorware构建多媒体软件框架的三种方法

文章介绍了在Authorware多媒体软件中实用性很好的组建整体结构的三种方法：常见交互图标应用法、导航图标应用法、文字超级链接法。将课件中的多种信息模块化地组织在一起，为课件制作者带来很大的方便性和灵活性，且在媒体软件制作方面有着广泛的应用。     

Investigation of iodine concentration in salt,water and soil along the coast of Zhejiang,China

Objective: We aim to describe the environment iodine concentration in salt, water and soil along Zhejiang Province coast in the China foreland. It will be helpful for us to judge whether this area is insufficient in iodine and universal iodized salt is necessary or not. Methods: We collected iodized salt samples, drinking water samples (tap water in the towns, and well water or spring water in the villages), water samples from different sources (ditches, lakes, rivers) and soil samples through random sampling in June, 2005. Salt, water and soil iodine was detected by arsenic-cerium redox method. Statistical analysis was expressed as mean±SEMby Windows SPSS 13.0. Results: (1) The iodine concentration in salt was 27.9±4.33 mg/kg (n=108). (2) Seventy-five water samples were collected. The water iodine value was 0.6～84.8 μg/L (mean of 11.66 μg/L). The watershed along the Qiantang River has significantly higher iodine content than the water in Lin'an in mountain area (P＜0.01). The iodine content and mean iodine content of tap water, well or spring water and natural water sources were 4.30±2.43 μg/L (n=34), 23.59±27.74 μg/L (n=19)and 12.72±10.72 μg/L (n=22) respectively. This indicated that among environmental water sources, the ditch iodine content was the highest with river water iodine being the lowest (P＜0.01). (3) Soil iodine value was 0.11～2.93 mg/kg (mean of 1.32 mg/kg).Though there was no statistical difference of soil iodine in different districts (P=0.131), soil iodine content correlated positively with water iodine content. Conclusion: Iodine concentration in salt accords with national policy of adding iodine in salt. Foreland has more iodine in water than mountain area. The data reflected that water and soil iodine in foreland area was not high, which suggests universal iodized salt should be necessary. Environment iodine has relatively close association with pollution.     

对现代化教学技术在音乐教学中唯上的批判——兼论教师在音乐教学中的核心作用

在目前的音乐教育课程改革过程中,存在着对现代化教学技术手段的运用“唯上”的误区,如何走出这一误区?广大音乐教师应该有如下的意识:现代化教育技术的运用并不是一节有效音乐课实施的关键所在,音乐教育也不是只有运用了现代化教育技术才能有所作为,而新课程改革的重点更不是落在对现代化教育技术手段的运用上,音乐教师的教学艺术才是成就一堂高质量音乐课的关键因素。     

黄兴建军思想略论

黄兴一生与整个辛亥革命相始终,他以策动和领导武装起义而著称于世。作为一个军事家,我们研究黄兴的思想不能不研究其军事思想。他的军事思想包括建军思想、治军思想、战略战术思想等等。黄兴的建军思想以南京临时政府建立为标志,可以区分为前、后两个阶段:前一个阶段的核心是为推翻清朝封建专制统治、建立民主共和国,必须创建一支中华国民军;后一个阶段的核心是旨在维护民主共和制度,必须创建一支资产阶级性质的近代化军队。     

现象学方法在比较教育研究中的应用

现象学有两层含义:一是作为哲学理论的现象学;二是作为研究方法的现象学。作为方法的现象学表达的是一种研究的"思维态度"或"思维方式"。现象学作为方法首先被应用于教育研究领域。20世纪70年代后,现象学方法被引入比较教育研究领域,打破了比较教育研究一直以来实证论独占鳌头的局面,为比较教育研究范式走向多元融合的开放道路做出了贡献。     

论科学发展观对宪法及宪法学的影响

科学发展观作为中国特色社会主义理论体系的重要组成部分,所要解决的重大问题是中国的发展模式和发展目的问题。法律作为社会发展模式的一个组成部分,在法治化水平不高或法治模式正在建构的中国,应当顺应发展模式和发展目的的选择,这也为处于转型社会中的中国宪法的发展提供了新的契机。科学发展观具有宪法指导思想价值、宪法性方法论价值、保障基本人权价值。科学发展观将对中国宪法观念变革、宪法内容变化和宪政体制机制完善发生重要影响,将对宪法理论和宪法学体系产生重要影响。     

“双向互动式”英语口语培养模式及绩效研究

针对目前英语口语教学在高职教育中的重要性,辽宁工程技术大学经济管理学院提出了＂双向互动式＂英语口语教学模式及其相应的评估体系。该模式是以口语技能训练为导向,以学生参与为中心,采用了师生互动的教学模式。通过对该模式的绩效研究,证明了该模式与传统的英语口语教学模式相比有着极大的优势。     

网络三维虚拟实验系统的设计与实现

根据虚拟现实技术特性,结合代表性的案例,分析网络三维虚拟实验系统的基本构成框架。依据虚拟实验系统的开发流程,以化学虚拟实验《实验室制取气体》的开发为例,介绍了基于Virtools开发网络三维虚拟实验系统的方法和过程。最后,对网络三维虚拟实验系统的开发应用进行了总结与展望。     

略论民主革命时期毛泽东反腐倡廉的思想及其意义

民主革命时期毛泽东反腐倡廉的思想主要包括:关于反腐倡廉的重要性、关于反腐倡廉的主要内容等,论述了毛泽东反腐倡廉思想的历史意义和对现实的启迪意义。