世界优秀女子全能运动员成绩与得分的统计分析

田径全能比赛的特点之一,是运动员可以在另一个单项比赛中出色发挥来弥补在前面某个单项比赛成绩欠佳所造成的相对落后的局面。在全能比赛中,采用不同的单项成绩组合方案,均可能达到同样的总分。在全能比赛中,时常可以见到这样的情况:在某个单项比赛后成绩领先的运动员,在以后的比赛中总分却不断下降,而原来成绩落后的运动员则会在以后的比赛中总分后来居上。     

竞走运动员的选材和训练

现在,竞走的选材和训练具有很重要的意义。这是因为:①近十年来,无论是一般竞走选手还是优秀运动员,竞走成绩都有很大幅度的增长;②优秀竞走运动员的年令明显下降,不仅开始训练的年令减小(8—10岁),而且在重大国际比赛中创造世界纪录的运动员也趋于年轻化(20—26岁);③竞走得到了广泛的普及和开展。可以毫不夸张地说,竞走做为一个田径项目正处于上升时期,它与跑步一样,是一项最简单,同时又     

高级冰舞运动员准备期训练负荷的分配

专业冰舞运动员准备期的重要任务之一,就是在完成一组、部分和全套舞蹈动作的滑行中达到迅速高质量地掌握完成每个单个舞蹈动作的技术.我们根据自己的目的,提出了研究高级冰上舞蹈运动员准备期训练结构的特点(冰上训练没有一般身体训练和舞蹈、表演的训练).在研究过程中采用了下列方法:教学观察和实验、时间测定、所获数据的数学统计处理.     

10-12岁女子体操运动员的年度周期运动量

我们在研究过程中,查明了10-12岁女子体操运动员在年度训练周期中运动量主要参数的变化。研究是在30名女子体操运动员(一级和预备健将,运动年限4-5年)中进行的。通过书面调查、访问、分析计划文件以及进行教学观察,其结果可以揭示出:在制定女子体操运动员训练计划的实践中存在着一系列原则。一个年度的几个时期运动量的分配,是由女运动员的机能状态和内、外部比赛日程决定的。在年度开始制定的时期日程     

灯光

这里选译的两篇散文,第一篇《灯光》的作者弗·加·柯罗连科是十九世纪末、二十世纪初俄国的批判现实主义作家,他一生中创作了许多中、短篇小说,脍炙人口。他的长篇回忆录《我的一个同时代人的故事》是一部很有文献价值的文学巨著。柯罗连科批判黑暗的现实,同情劳动人民,憧憬光明,对未来充满希望,这是他不同于一般批判现实主义作家的地方。在这个意义上,《灯光》是很有代表性的。黑暗如磐,光明在前,这就是柯罗连科的世界观及其全部作品的基调。列宁在一九○七年曾说:“柯罗连科是进步作家。”第二篇《送行》的作者马克斯·比尔博姆为英国文艺评论家,讽刺作家,生于一八七二年,卒于一九五六年。从《送行》一文中,可以看出他的笔调既幽默,又富于机智;通过这篇短文,他对资本主义社会人与人之间的关系,可以说是作了极其辛辣的讽刺。——编者     

列宁的少年朋友

弗拉基米尔·伊里奇·列宁非常热爱孩子,不論是流放在西伯利亚或者被迫避居在国外的时期,不論在准备十月革命或者在国內战爭的年代里,只要他一有机会,他总是要和孩子們玩玩,象父亲一般地对待着他們,有时天真烂漫地和孩子說起笑話来。克魯普斯卡娅記下了列宁关怀、爱护孩子的鮮明特色。她說道:“他总是喜欢和孩子們玩玩,說說笑話,我从来沒有看見他对待別人不喜欢的那些孩子有过严厉的眼     

Relationship between laboratory-measured variables and heart rate during an ultra-endurance triathlon

The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between the performance heart rate during an ultra-endurance triathlon and the heart rate corresponding to several demarcation points measured during laboratory-based progressive cycle ergometry and treadmill running. Less than one month before an ultra-endurance triathlon, 21 well-trained ultra-endurance triathletes (mean +/- s: age 35 +/- 6 years, height 1.77 +/- 0.05 m, mass 74.0 +/- 6.9 kg, = 4.75 +/- 0.42 l x min(-1)) performed progressive exercise tests of cycle ergometry and treadmill running for the determination of peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), heart rate corresponding to the first and second ventilatory thresholds, as well as the heart rate deflection point. Portable telemetry units recorded heart rate at 60 s increments throughout the ultra-endurance triathlon. Heart rate during the cycle and run phases of the ultra-endurance triathlon (148 +/- 9 and 143 +/- 13 beats x min(-1) respectively) were significantly (P < 0.05) less than the second ventilatory thresholds (160 +/- 13 and 165 +/- 14 beats x min(-1) respectively) and heart rate deflection points (170 +/- 13 and 179 +/- 9 beats x min(-1) respectively). However, mean heart rate during the cycle and run phases of the ultra-endurance triathlon were significantly related to (r = 0.76 and 0.66; P < 0.01), and not significantly different from, the first ventilatory thresholds (146 +/- 12 and 148 +/- 15 beats x min(-1) respectively). Furthermore, the difference between heart rate during the cycle phase of the ultra-endurance triathlon and heart rate at the first ventilatory threshold was related to marathon run time (r = 0.61; P < 0.01) and overall ultra-endurance triathlon time (r = 0.45; P < 0.05). The results suggest that triathletes perform the cycle and run phases of the ultra-endurance triathlon at an exercise intensity near their first ventilatory threshold.     

On repeated measures designs: hierarchical structures and time trends

The basic anatomy of an experimental design is used as an expository introduction to the examination of several repeated measures experiments described in recent pages of this and other journals. This examination reveals problematic issues concerning some common design and analysis features of such experimental designs. In particular, the hierarchical structures and/or presence of time trends is highlighted. These issues are discussed in an attempt to assist researchers to recognize such problems, to avoid the associated difficulties in the future, and to exploit the advantages of sound design with appropriate, efficient and informative analysis. While alternate reanalyses of the data of these experiments might reveal the conclusions to be unaffected by such issues, researchers should still be cautious. In retrospect, such occurrences should be seen as fortuitous, not as justification for inefficient or less informative analyses. More importantly, such reanalyses could reveal more enlightening information, and I argue that if a design permits such information to be discovered, then it behoves researchers to perform such analyses and to make such discoveries.     

基于知识图谱的国外身体锻炼与新冠肺炎的相关研究进展分析

该文以SCI、SSCI和A&HCI所收录的国外关于身体锻炼与COVID-19的454篇文献为研究对象,引入CiteSpaceⅤ可视化分析工具,探测国外关于身体锻炼与COVID-19的相关研究热点及主流观点。分析表明：现阶段国外关于身体锻炼与COVID-19的相关研究热点主要集中在身体锻炼与COVID-19的内在关联、身体锻炼适应性、身体锻炼实例等方面。针对处于后防疫时期的中国,提出如下对策：聚焦重点领域技术攻克,强化科技引领;研发多元运动处方库,提高锻炼效应;构建多维保障体系,强化风险防控;打造健康教育新格局,确保长远效应。     

提高钻进式井壁取心收获率方法研究

本文通过分析钻进式井壁取心器取心收获率影响因素,针对仪器结构进行改进来提高钻进式井壁取心收获率,以适应油田勘探开发的需要。