A Comparative Study of Positive and Negative Modeling in Counselor Training

Modeling procedures have come to play a major role in counselor training. A substantial body of literature has accumulated in support of the use of modeling in counselor training. Relatively little attention has been paid to the use of negative models in the training process. This is due, at least in part, to the hypothesis that negative models inevitably interfere with the acquisition of positive performance behaviors. This study was designed to directly compare the effects of positive and negative models in counselor training. Results suggest that negative modeling can produce training outcomes similar to those achieved by positive models. Further investigation of the role of negative modeling in counselor training is recommended. Several specific directions for continuing research are suggested.     

A Description of a Supervisory Group for Group Counselors

The authors present a case example and evaluation of group counselor supervision. Experiential client-centered and didactic techniques were used to achieve supervision goals within a developmental framework.     

Information workflow of academic researchers in the evolving information environment: an interview study

Digital journals have been widely adopted by academic researchers and have nearly replaced printed journals in many contexts. The adoption of digital books is accelerating. The transition to digital information has changed information workflows of researchers by transforming the methods they use to find, store, retrieve, and use information from monographs, journals, and other sources. It has also changed the needs and expectations of scholars in relation to research information. To investigate these changes, 45 researchers in science, medicine, engineering, social sciences, and humanities at Stanford University were interviewed regarding information workflow and preferences. Results are compared with the findings of the e‐Journal User Study (eJUSt), completed in 2002.     

A Survey of Comprehensive Examination Practices Among Doctoral Programs in Counseling

Doctoral programs in counseling were surveyed concerning their comprehensive examination practices. Most programs require examinations, but practices vary widely regarding degree of structure and procedures.     

The Construct Problem in Measuring Counseling Performance

This article describes the role of inadequate construct definition in the current problems involving measurement of counseling performance and suggests potential responses for improving measurement capability.     

10 US Compames Missing the Earnings Boom

如果说有什么关于经济的好消息的话,那么当属各大公司开始大幅盈利这一条了。根据汤姆森露透科技信息集团发布的信息,80％的S＆P500（标准普尔500指数）公司的盈利颧都超过了华尔街分析师的预算额。这是汤姆森路透社自1994年开始追踪此类信息以来获取的最令人惊喜的数据。尽管如此,仍有14％的大企业的表现不像华尔街分析师预测得那么好。有的尽管发展缓慢。但至少也在盈利;而有的就是完全亏损运营,无法扭转局面。下面就是美国10大表现欠佳的公司：     

Personal Computers in Laboratory Teaching of Control

This paper reports on the incorporation of personal computers in the laboratory program at UMIST's Control Systems Centre. Laboratory practice is an integral component of all our control course. The laboratory facilities provide a mechanism for testing and verifying theoretical and design approaches. Incorporating computers in all phases of the laboratory program makes possible the use of current techniques in the analysis and design of realistic control systems. The control systems laboratory at UMIST has been developed with the goal of providing real world analysis and design experience in a laboratory setting. A collection of scale model experiments representing the major categories of industrial control problems has been constructed. These working models are coupled with a standard instrumentation interface and analogue and digital computers to implement control strategies. In all cases, great care has been taken to retain realism and allow the student to concentrate on control issues rather than configuration or programming problems. The primary objective of using personal computers in the control laboratory is to provide an on-line link between the student and the laboratory model. This provides direct ‘hands on’ experience of digital control ideas, interactive digital control experimentation and use of the computer as a multi-function virtual instrument. In addition, the computer is used off-line to simulate model performance as various control strategies are tried. At this point in time, each laboratory model station has been equipped with a personal computer containing A/D and D/A converters, hard and floppy disk, and a real-time clock. The computers are networked to provide access to printing and file storage facilities. Originally the software packages were written primarily in BASIC, and ran on BBC computers. These versions are however in the process of being replaced by PC-based packages written in C. Both the original BASIC and the C-successors have been developed to provide interactive, real-time control of the model using a choice of digital control algorithms. Using the keyboard as a control panel, the student can observe model performance, vary controller parameters, choose display characteristics and record parametric and graphical data. Future developments will expand the choice of available control algorithms and enhance the off-line analysis and design tools.     

美国10大错失赚线良机的公司

如果说有什么关于经济的好消息的话,那当属各大公司开始大幅度盈利这一条了.