A Leadership Approach for Counselors

A leadership approach applicable for counselors and guidance directors is presented. Videotapes of groups that were given leadership problems were informally studied and a number of dimensions identified that would help counselors in developing a leadership approach appropriate for their situations. The importance of counselors recognizing that leadership skills are different from counseling skills is key to department or unit accomplishments. The importance of first estimating the maturity of the group to accomplish the task is essential in using the correct combination of task-oriented behavior and relationship-oriented behavior. A situational life-cycle approach to leadership is presented as an appropriate option for counselors to consider when they are in leadership roles.     

Italian University Opens to Management Engineering

The essentials of a new Italian degree in Management Engineering are illustrated. Aspects such as engineers versus managers, educational curriculum and envisaged development of the course are discussed in some detail, including European perspectives.     

TEST ITEM ARRANGEMENT, TESTING TIME, AND PERFORMANCE

Two experiments were conducted to determine if a relationship exists between test item arrangements and student performance on power tests. The primary hypotheses were: item arrangements based upon item difficulty, similarity of content, or order of class presentation do not influence test score or required testing time. In the first experiment 122 subjects were randomly assigned to three item difficulty arrangements of 139 test items with a 0–100% difficulty range, and in the second experiment 156 subjects were randomly assigned to three item content arrangements of 103 items. Results of analyses of variance with test anxiety used as a classification factor supported the hypotheses.     

Further Exploration of the 16-PF and Counselor Effectiveness

This study reexamines the relationship between the Sixteen-Personality Factor (16-PF) Questionnaire and counselor performance ratings. The 16-PF was administered to 30 full-time counselor trainees. Supervisor ratings of counseling effectiveness in practicums were correlated with raw scores of counselors on the 16-PF. Data revealed that the pattern of relationships indicated by significant correlations is not consistent across this and three other studies using the 16-PF. The results of this study and the reanalysis of previous studies indicate that it would not be advisable at this time for counselor educators to identify or predict effective counselors on the basis of the 16-PF.     

Asian Perspectives on European Higher Education

Asia and Europe have long influenced each other by means of international trade, technology transfer, and foreign policy. Today, Asian countries are searching for more competitive answers in an increasingly competitive world. Educational mobility among countries, especially between Asia and Europe, is the key to unlocking the answer. To achieve the desired educational mobility requires bilingualism (English as the common medium for learning and instruction) and quality education with internationally recognized diplomas and degrees in higher education. A future Asian/European Credit Transfer System is imminent and possible with the implementation of ERASMUS ECTS (European Credit Transfer System) and UCTS (UMAP Credit Transfer System) frameworks. The path to success hinges on the application of knowledge management and risk management to this international challenge for improved educational management. By this means, the prospects for greater understanding and greater economic potential and prosperity can be achieved for both Asian and European nations.     

基于IEEE1394的DV音视频系统的软件设计与实现

分析基于IEEE1394的系统架构,实现数据在1394系统的核心模块IEEE1394、RAW1394、LIB—RAW1394中的传输,研究数字视频的解压缩方法,使数字音视频流能够在IEEE1394总线上传输．     

和谐社会语境下对陶渊明田园诗的解读

和谐思想是中华民族的主旋律。自古以来,中华民族就崇尚人与自然、人与社会、人与人以及人自身的全方位和谐。浏览中国文化史的发展历程,古代诗人陶渊明所赋田园诗具有自然、朴素和纯真的艺术魅力对当代和谐社会的构建具有重要的借鉴意义。本文从陶渊明田园诗朴素恬淡的艺术风格、陶渊明田园诗的内容、陶渊明田园诗的自然观精神三方面对陶渊明田园诗进行了解读。     

Theory: Ego Development Theory and Its Implications for Supervision

This article discusses the implications of ego development theory and assessment for the supervision and education of counselors. Using Loevinger's theory as a model, current thinking and research on the relationship between ego development theory and counseling supervision are examined. The author proposes that the concept of matching methodology, counselor, and client through ego development assessment may also be applied to the supervision and education of counselors at all levels.