论京剧声腔源于陕西

关于京剧声腔的起源,过去一般认为是二黄调和西皮调在北京合体而成,本文认为这个观点缺乏事实依据,京剧声腔的产地不是安徽或湖北,而是陕西,陕西历史上存在前后两个秦腔,前秦腔即陕西二黄(又称汉调二黄,今称陕西汉剧)早在乾隆55年四大徽班进京之前已广泛流传于北京和东南各地,四大徽班中的三庆班,春台班进京所唱的腔调主要是前秦腔;细考京剧与陕西二黄的声腔,二者确实同类.京剧的声腔是从陕西二黄的母体中孕育出来的.     

A Study of University Students’ Understanding of Simple Electric Circuits Part 2: Batteries,Ohm's Law,Power Dissipated,Resistors in Parallel

RIASSUNTO

In this paper the results of a systematic investigation into university students’ misunderstandings of d.c. simple circuit operations are reported. These results provide evidence of various misconceptions present before and after the teaching at university level of the topics on d.c. circuits: a battery as a source of constant current; the wrong interpretation of the junctional relation expressed by Ohm's law; power dissipated; resistors in parallel. In conclusion, a brief comment is made on the need to make university teachers aware of these results and on the many difficulties encountered in such an attempt.

RIASSUNTO In questo lavoro sono riportati i risultati di una indagine sistematica su comuni forme di ragionamento (errate) che studenti universitari manifestano sul fitn-zionamento di semplici circuiti elettrici. I concetti su cui é stata focalizzata I'attenzione e che sono presenti non solo prima ma anche dopo I'insegnamento a livello universitario sono: la batteria come sorgente di corrente costante, I'errata interpretazione delle relazioni funzionali relative alla legge di Ohm e alia potenza dissipata in un circuito, il collegamento di resistenze in parallelo. Segue, infine, un breve commento sulla necessityá di rendere consapevoli i docenti universitari di tali risultati e delle difficolta incontrate in tale tentativo.     

沉睡的天使

曾经的＂96黄金一代＂正在慢慢从舞台的中央移向大幕之侧,即使曾经无所不能的科比,本赛季也明显露出了疲态。小奥从来都不是这一代中的顶尖球员,现在伤病又无情地袭扰着他,不轰轰烈烈却绵绵长长。但小奥尼尔这位沉睡的天使,终有一天会回复青春。     

对推行和完善高校本科生导师制度的思考

实施本科生导师制度是中国高校教学改革和发展的必然要求。我国本科生导师制度在实践中取得了一定的成效,但同时也存在一些问题。本科生导师制度在教育实践中需要不断完善。     

脱口秀

小牛多少带有点爆冷嫌疑的夺冠,令现场的情绪瞬间爆棚,马克·库班成了首先的采访对象,接下来,无论是更衣室外的通道,还是新闻发布会的现场,无论是胜利者还是失意人,都得到了宣泄情绪的机会。请相信我,这也许是NBA总决赛历史中最沉重的一次赛后发布会,相比较媒体送给胜利者的歌颂和恭维,失利一方得到的却是一轮又一轮的重磅炸弹,炸得他们体无完肤、无地自容。     

Modeling,Praise, and Criticism in Teaching Empathic Responding

This study employs a factorial design to investigate the efficacy of all possible combinations of modeling, praise, and criticism as a means of teaching empathic responding to counselor trainees. Measures of empathy were taken on 64 female introductory psychology students at the beginning of an experimental session and following each of two training segments. Results indicate a significant effect for modeling and stage of training. There was a significant interaction between modeling and stage of training such that subjects in the modeling conditions were rated higher in empathy than those in the no-modeling condition at the mid- and postmeasure but not at the premeasure. Results are in agreement with one previously published study but are inconsistent with two others. Discussion focuses on the critical elements of effective feedback techniques.     

无水乙醇夹带剂超临界CO2萃取荔枝核

以无水乙醇为夹带剂,采用超临界CO2萃取荔枝核,并用气相色谱．质谱联用仪（GC—MS）对荔枝核萃取物的挥发性成分进行了分析．结果表明,以无水乙醇为夹带剂超临界CO2萃取荔枝核的萃取率为5．47％,GC—MS鉴定出32种化合物,主要为甾醇类、萜类、不饱和脂肪酸、棕榈酸、脂肪酸酯、芳香醇,相对质量分数分别为38．8％,26.4％,8．60％,7．54％,8．44％,6．11％．和无夹带剂相比,夹带剂无水乙醇可以提高荔枝核的超临界萃取率．