SARGO: A Training Program for Directors of Guidance Services

SARGO consists of 13 simulation units that have been developed for training potential directors of guidance. Responses of employed directors of guidance to a questionnaire on their specific duties formed the basis for the simulation unit topics and activities. Role-playing, case studies, in-basket/out-basket techniques, critical incident films, and program development were some of the activities used within each SARGO unit. Each trainee operated in a simulated school of his own design. Trainees reported that the semester-long simulation program was interesting, motivating, and realistic. The significant change in accuracy of trainee estimates of time that directors spent in a variety of activities was measured.     

Using the Workshop in Consultation Training

Although graduate students should be trained in consulting as well as counseling skills, not all counselor education programs systematically teach such consultation skills. Counselor trainees need to practice and implement those skills in laboratory as well as field settings. Workshops have been used successfully to teach oral delivery consultation skills in a counselor training program. In this article, the workshop is offered as a training tool in consultation skills. The use and purposes of workshops are presented, and procedures are demonstrated regarding the use of workshops within counselor education courses. Benefits to counselor trainees are discussed.     

TOWARD AN INTEGRATION OF THEORY AND METHOD FOR CRITERION-REFERENCED TESTS1,2

In this paper, an attempt has been made to synthesize some of the current thinking in the area of criterion-referenced testing as well as to provide the beginning of an integration of theory and method for such testing. Since criterion-referenced testing is viewed from a decision-theoretic point of view, approaches to reliability and validity estimation consistent with this philosophy are suggested. Also, to improve the decision-making accuracy of criterion-referenced tests, a Bayesian procedure for estimating true mastery scores has been proposed. This Bayesian procedure uses information about other members of a student's group (collateral information), but the resulting estimation is still criterion referenced rather than norm referenced in that the student is compared to a standard rather than to other students. In theory, the Bayesian procedure increases the “effective length” of the test by improving the reliability, the validity, and more importantly, the decision-making accuracy of the criterion-referenced test scores.     

加拿大及美国的知识产权担保法发展概述

加拿大及美国的动产担保法律在世界上是最为有效和成熟的。这两个国家的立法对广泛的知识产权给予认可和保护,其中包括专利权、商标权和著作权。此外,其他形式的法定知识产权,包括特殊植物培育者的权利和诸如商业秘密之类的普通法权利也得到认可。然而,规定这些权利的法律是很陈旧的,在许多方面,并不十分适用于知识产权的担保。知识产权担保:注册及优先权根据加拿大和美国法律,在担保协议中可用知识产权作担保品。所涉及的担保权益体现为一种权利负担(charge)(中国法律中用于知识产权担保的质押的概念,在加拿大和美国仅用于有形动产的情况之下)。知识产权的担保权益无需登记即可生效。同其他担保一样,登记只是决定相对于其他权利主张者的优先顺序,而并不影响担保本身的有效性。知识产权可根据     

试论尼采"对一切价值的重估"

尼采用“重估一切价值”打倒一切偶像,对西方文化的基础进行彻底的反思,颠覆了传统道德、宗教、理性所设置的二元世界,把人从虚幻的外在世界拉回到本真的生命世界。其不乏深刻的见解,对当今生活在急剧变化的多样世界、却日益丧失精神家因的人们,无疑有积极意义。     

REJOINDER TO KNAPP'S NOTE

Although the expression cited by Knapp (     ) is the way to calculate amount learned within the confines of the specific mathematical formulas presented by Carver, the opinion was expressed that f (final test score) would remain one of the best indicants of amount learned under other hypothesized curvilinear models.     

Engaging Preservice School Counselors and Principals in Dialogue and Collaboration

School counselors should be prepared to address student concerns and school problems in collaborative ways and to work cooperatively with school principals. The authors describe an innovative seminar designed to help students in school counseling and in school administration to develop a greater appreciation of the roles, responsibilities, and perspectives of each other in their respective professions.     

高师院校"现代教育技术"课程改革的探讨

针对目前高等师范教育中"现代教育技术"公共课的现状进行调查分析,指出了存在的一些不足之处,并提出了"现代教育技术"课程改革的一些建议.