知识经济时代的人力资本政策——教育系统的使命与面临的挑战

在全球化背景下,世界各国都被纳入了知识经济的洪流。劳动力市场中岗位特性的变化带来了对工作者技能要求的变化,要求建立以能力为基础的人才培养机制。在具有动态性和开放性特点的知识经济环境下,能力的提升和保障需要依靠灵活和持续的终身学习体系。因此,教育系统要提供公平而有质量的教育,就需要转变教育实践和教育研究的工作范式,最终建立终身学习的体系和现代教育管理系统。     

国家创新发展绩效格局分析方法与实证研究

创新发展已经成为世界潮流,全球创新发展绩效格局正在经历深刻变革,科学监测创新发展绩效格局演进方向是政府和学术界共同关注的问题。本文界定了“国家格局”、“格局分析方法”、“国家格局分析方法”等基本概念,研究提出了国家创新发展绩效格局二维分析方法,并选择40个国家创新发展指数和创新能力指数及其子指数排名进行了实证研究。本文主要得出三个结论：（1）基于国家创新能力和国家创新发展水平指数排名,采用K-均值聚类法将40个国家分为四类,即创新引领型国家、创新先进型国家、创新追赶型国家和非常规创新追赶型国家;（2）增加辅助特征量“人均GDP”以气泡图形式分析国家创新发展绩效格局的研究发现,经济发展水平（以人均GDP衡量）较高的国家,其创新发展指数与创新能力指数通常排名也较高,说明经济发展水平与国家创新发展绩效高度正相关;（3）分别增加辅助特征量“GDP”和“人均GDP”以气泡图形式分析国家创新能力格局的研究发现,经济规模（以GDP衡量）较大的国家,其创新实力指数排名通常较高,经济发展水平（以人均GDP衡量）较高的国家,其创新效力指数排名通常较高。     

Factors associated with school psychologists' perceptions of campus violence

Recent concern about school violence has increased demands on school psychologists to respond to safety concerns on their school campuses. In this study, 123 school psychologists responded to a survey about their perceptions, experiences, and readiness to meaningfully address school violence. School psychologists reported that they do not worry about their personal safety at school (78%), but most felt unprepared to deal with school violence (73%) and had received no specialized training in this area (85%). A principal components analysis of the types of violence school psychologists perceived to occur on their campuses identified a range of incidents from bullying to antisocial behavior. School psychologists working in inner-city schools were more likely to believe that their schools had high levels of violence (45.6%) compared with those working in urban-not inner-city (14.3%), suburban (4.9%), or rural (0%) schools. Recommendations to prepare school psychologists to help prevent, reduce, and respond to campus violence are discussed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

A Symbiosis of Access: Proliferating STEM PhD Training in the U.S. from 1920–2010

Minerva - Over the course of the 20th century, unprecedented growth in scientific discovery was fueled by broad growth in the number of university-based scientists. During this period the American...     

秩序、效率和民主的有机统一--政治发展价值取向的剖析

发展中国家因为其薄弱的基础和现实条件,在迈向现代化的征程中面临着艰难的抉择。在政治发展上也同样如此。各国由于国情的不同而选择适合于自己政治发展的路径,但发展中国家在政治发展上有着共同的目标,这就是要求政治发展要达到秩序、效率和民主。而秩序、效率和民主并不是孤立的,只有在三者有效互动基础上才能推动政治发展。     

Effects of blood flow restriction without additional exercise on strength reductions and muscular atrophy following immobilization:A systematic review

Purpose:To investigate whether blood flow restriction(BFR) without concomitant exercise mitigated strength reduction and atrophy of thigh muscles in subjects under immobilization for lower limbs.Methods:The following databases were searched:PubMed,CINAHL,PEDro,Web of Science,Central,and Scopus.Results:The search identified 3 eligible studies,and the total sample in the identified studies consisted of 38 participants.Isokinetic and isometric torque of the knee flexors and extensors was examined in 2 studies.Cross-sectional area of thigh muscles was evaluated in 1 study,and thigh girth was measured in 2 studies.The BFR protocol was 5 sets of 5 min of occlusion and 3 min of free flow,twice daily for approximately 2 weeks.As a whole,the included studies indicate that BFR without exercise is able to minimize strength reduction and muscular atrophy after immobilization.It is crucial to emphasize,however,that the included studies showed a high risk of bias,especially regarding allocation concealment,blinding of outcome assessment,intention-to-treat analyses,and group similarity at baseline.Conclusion:Although potentially useful,the high risk of bias presented by original stodies limits the indication of BFR without concomitant exercise as an effective countermeasure against strength reduction and atrophy mediated by immobilization.     

Delinking rhetorics of neoliberalism: An analysis of South American leftist presidents’ speeches

We analyze the so-called Socialism of the twenty-first century in which nine South American governments turned to the left over the last 15 years. This South American socialist turn is seen as a delinking from the logics of dependency and pure neoliberalism. To explore the rhetorics that underlie this delinking process, we conducted both a macroanalysis and an intradiscursive rhetorical analysis of the inauguration and most significant speeches of all of the leftist South American presidents elected after 1999. We claim that a common critique of neoliberalism underlies the South American presidents’ speeches, which manifests through specific rhetorics concerning participatory democracy, social inclusion, and environmental protection. When they became transnational, these delinking rhetorics crafted a decolonial critique that calls for more indigenous models of development.     

Validity and reliability of a low-cost dynamometer to assess maximal isometric strength of upper limb

Muscle imbalance and deficit are key parameters for guiding rehabilitation and sports sessions and avoiding injuries. However, the high cost and non-portable nature of most instruments employed for muscle strength assessment frequently hamper an affordable evaluation in field conditions. This study evaluated the validity and reliability of a low-cost digital dynamometer to assess the maximal isometric strength of upper limb muscles. Fourteen physically active volunteers performed the main movements of the upper limb at maximal isometric strength: flexion-extension, internal-external rotation and abduction-adduction of the shoulder; and flexion-extension of both elbow and wrist. Validity was examined by comparing the strength values from the low-cost digital dynamometer and those measured by an isokinetic dynamometer, assumed as the gold standard. The correlation between both devices was perfect (r > 0.913), while Bland-Altman plots showed absolute agreement between both devices, the maximum range of the values of bias was ?0.99–1.00 N in wrist extension. Inter-tester and intra-tester reliability were excellent for all movements (ICC ≥ 0.855). The low-cost digital dynamometer showed strong validity and excellent reliability in assessing maximal isometric strength during the main movements of the upper limb. Professionals may use it for an affordable isometric muscle strength assessment in field situations.     

美国情报搜集中个人数据隐私权状况及对我国的启示 ——以FISA第702条为研究样本

[目的/意义]大数据时代,美国情报机构监视恐怖嫌疑分子数据作为维护美国国家安全的重要方面,效果显著。然而,实践中出现"国家安全"和"个人数据安全""个人隐私权"相冲突的问题,对之研究具有重要的镜鉴价值。[方法/过程]以美国《涉外情报监控法》第702条为研究样本,实证分析了个人隐私被侵犯的原因,如即情报搜集工作监督不严、问责不力等。规范分析了平衡"国家安全"和"个人数据安全""个人隐私权"之间的法律对策。[结果/结论]研究认为,设立情报监督机构,规制数据使用目的和范围,加大问责力度是平衡国家安全和公民个人数据隐私权的积极面向。