西藏波密古乡地区的主要植物群落及其垂直分布

    本文讨论了西藏波密古乡地区的主要植物群落及其垂直分布。     1．根据小带间植物种类相似系数情况，将波密古乡地区南、北坡划成八个植物垂直带     (图1)。        2．描述了七个不同性质的植物群落。各群落分布与水热条件之间的相互关系如图2所     示。    3．由于不同水热条件的影响，各植被带间在植物种数上的差异是比较显著的(表3)。     

Fief and benefice feudalism. Two types of academic autonomy in US chemistry

In this article, we apply Max Weber’s ideal types of fief and benefice feudalism to elite and non-elite chemistry departments in the USA. We develop a theoretical analogy of academic feudalism in regard to three dimensions: power relations, engagement with companies, and the impact of structural changes on the autonomy of scholars. We use a mixed methods approach to track changes in productivity and industrial collaboration on a departmental level and the researcher’s understanding of research autonomy on the individual level. On the departmental level, our findings suggest that scholars located at elite departments are able to utilize federal and industrial resources to increase publications over time. On the individual level, we establish that researchers in both segments perceive their autonomy as being very high, whereas practical autonomy differs according to department. While scholars at elite departments remain relatively autonomous in practice, scholars at non-elite departments often tend to tailor their research to specific requirements to receive funding.     

Investigation on influencing factors of 5-HMF content in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Schisandra</Emphasis>

In order to investigate the influencing factors of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde （5-HMF） content in Schisandra, confirm the theory of 5-HMF deriving mainly from Schisandra processing course, and give some suggestions about the Schisandra processing method, the 5-HMF contents in decoctions of Schisandra under different heating temperature, decocting time, soaking time, processing methods and treatment with different solvents before decocting the Schisandra were measured by RP-HPLC method. The results showed that there is great difference of 5-HMF level in decoctions from differently processed Schisandra and unprocessed Schisandra; decocting time of 60 rain has some effects on 5-HMF level in decoctions and there is certain quantity 5-HMF in processed Schisandra itself and very little 5-HMF in unprocessed Schisandra. Heating time, heating temperature and treating solvents all have effect on 5-HMF level in decoction of Schisandra. 5-HMF in Schisandra was mainly from processing course. Both long heating time and high heating temperature can increase 5-HMF level in Schisandra. The production of 5-HMF in Schisandra may have some relationships with some polar components, which can dissolve in water, ethanol and acetone, especially in ethanol. To control processing temperature, processing time and treatment with some solvent is very important for controlling 5-HMF level in Schisandra.     

The role of intuition in pedagogical tact: Educator views

Pedagogical tact concerns a teacher's ability to adequately handle complex classroom situations that require immediate action. As such, pedagogical tact can be viewed as an enactment of teachers’ intuition. While most teachers, teacher educators, educational leaders and scholars readily recognise the importance of pedagogical tact (and by extension, intuition), few pre-service or in-service programmes devote explicit attention to developing this important teacher quality. This study set out to understand why. Specifically, data were collected to investigate how educators perceive intuition, and its role in teacher pedagogical tact. Ten focus group discussions were held with school board members, teacher educators, school principals, in-service teachers and pre-service teachers. Participants recognised two types of intuition commonly described in the literature (local and nonlocal), and affirmed the importance of intuition for teacher pedagogical tact. These educators also noted that teachers are rarely if ever encouraged to make conscious use of their intuition, let alone develop it. There was consensus that teachers differ in how well they are able to tune into their intuition. Though the scale of the study is small, the findings suggest that more attention should be given to developing teacher intuition and pedagogical tact than is currently the case.     

School improvement through inspections? First empirical insights from Germany

Since the late 1990s, broad discussions on education and educational quality have given impetus to the implementation of many new measures aimed at the improvement of schools in Germany. In this context, school inspections have been introduced in all 16 German federal states during the last 6 years. In the meantime, scientific research into the functioning of this steering instrument has begun. In this article, first empirical findings on the effects of school inspections in Germany are presented by drawing on a survey study with 468 principals of schools in the federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia that were externally evaluated during the years 2005 to 2008. Findings indicate that school inspection results are considered by a large group of stakeholders within schools and that they are discussed in different settings. In many schools, development measures have already been planned and implemented. Moreover, first effects are perceived in different fields. On the whole, findings agree with the results of two thematically related German studies but draw a less heterogeneous picture than the international research context.     

CFD Simulation of Film Flow and Gas/Liquid Countercurrent Flow on Structured Packing

A mathematic model of two-phase flow and a physical model of two-dimensional (2D) vertical section for the plate-type structured packing Mellapak 250.Y were set up and verified. The models were used to study the influence of packing’s surface microstructure on the continuity of liquid film and the amount of liquid holdup. Simulation results show that the round corner shape and micro wavy structure are favorable in remaining the continuity of liquid film and increasing the amount of liquid holdup. The appropriate liquid flow rate was determined by investigating different liquid loadings to obtain an unbroken liquid film on the packing surface. The pressure difference between inlet and outlet for gas phase allowed gas and liquid to flow countercurrently in a 2D computational domain. The direction change of gas flow occurred near the phase interface area.     

Studienabbruch und -wechsel in den neuen Bachelorstudiengängen

The article gives an overview of current state of research concerning study drop-out. Then, on basis of successfully validated scales from literature, a new instrument for measuring personal reasons for abandoning bachelor study programs is developed and tested for reliability and validity. A study drop-out, based on study conditions and study demands, will be tested by a path model.