In a doctoral study undertaken at Edith Cowan University the author set out to investigate the influence of home and school environments on the academic performance and educational/occupational aspirations of high school students from eight Chinese‐Australian and Anglo‐Australian families residing in a middle class suburb of Perth metropolitan area. These students graduated from a high school where the author conducted this research as a teacher‐researcher. In this longitudinal study data were collected by employing ethnographic techniques such as participant observation, semi‐formal interviewing and document analysis. The author spent 500 hours in the homes of the participating students, observed and interviewed them at school for 2 years, and collected data on their educational performance from Year 8 to Year 12.
Pivotal to this research was the key question: Do Chinese‐Australian and Anglo‐Australian high school students perform differently? If so, how do we account for this difference? An investigation of the home experiences and attitude towards school revealed the existence of “Asian high achieving syndrome” in Chinese‐Australian students and “self‐deprivation syndrome” in Anglo‐Australian students. Nonetheless, the unexpected finding is that excessive parental pressure takes its toll on the mental health of Chinese‐Australian students and deprives them of the other opportunities that Australia offers. On the other hand, the leisure and sports oriented life style of Anglo‐Australian parents leads to low educational expectations and their children fail to reach their full potentials. To substantiate this claim the experiences of students from four families are discussed. 相似文献
This research explored the practices of one science teacher, expert in her field, as she worked to enact science discourse that incorporated language in naturalistic and rigorous ways. Difficulties in mastering the language of science contribute to troubling and persistent achievement gaps across demographic and gender groups. Science learning is based in discourse, with knowledge built by asking questions, exploring, revising views and asking new questions. But all too often students are not able to participate fully in these opportunities for discourse that is engaging and exploration due to the difficulty of science language. Qualitative analysis of this teacher's use of science discourse to establish clear links between essential science language and concepts and pre/post analysis of a science language assessment reveal important ways that teachers and researchers can work together to design and deliver instruction and assessment that supports students' mastery of sophisticated language and concepts. Results have implications for theory regarding science discourse; language learning, and conceptual development; and provide a model for teacher–researcher partnerships exploring important problems of teaching practice. 相似文献
Present clinical study involved two groups of psychosomatic disorders, bronchial asthma and rheumatoid arthritis. In the study,
the levels of plasma cortisol, blood glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides were estimated in 125 clinical subjects,
(50 normal controls, and 40 having bronchial asthma and 35 suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. The results showed a significant
change in the levels of plasma cortisol and blood glucose in both the stressed clinical groups' vis-à-vis normal controls.
The levels of atherogenic lipids (total cholesterol and triglycerides) were found quite elevated in both the diseased groups.
However, in rheumatoid arthritis, the physiological changes were relatively more pronounced. The findings of this study indicate
that rheumatoid arthritis is a relatively more chronic and late onset disorder as the functional performance of hypothalamopituitary-adrenocortical
axis gradually declines with passage of time and the ability of the adrenocortical response to return to normalcy becomes
impaired. 相似文献
Conclusion Available evidence suggests that we can not dismiss the potential value of nutriceuticals in disease and inhibition of atherosclerosis.
Epidemiologic data suggest that antioxidant supplementation may be associated with a reduced risk of clinical events from
atherosclerosis; howere, interventional trials only support a role for vitamin E in this regard. Many studies suggest that
a link between fruit and vegetables in diet or the amounts of plasma antioxidant vitamins (ascorbic acid, tocopherols and
carotenoids) and risk of death from cancer or coronary heart disease. The usefulness of antioxidant for prevention of cardiovascular
disease is yet to be proven. However, studies offer important insights that together with the development of methods to identify
individuals most likely to benefit, provide hope to clinicians seeking to use antioxidant vitamins with safety and efficacy
for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease. Only continued investigation into the mechanism (s) of action
of candidate agents will determine whether they hold promise as a therapeutic intervention and only then, they can be recommended
routinely to the patients. Thus, nutriceuticals are becoming more widely accepted as an adjunct to conventional therapies. 相似文献
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common X-linked disorder in children affecting 1 in 3500 males. Since, as of
now, we have no treatment for DMD, carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis is the most important preventive strategy. Multiplex
PCR helps in rapid detection of hot spot exonal deletions (positive in 65% of cases) as many exons can be identified in a
single run. 10 children with characterstic clinical features of DMD and chorionic villus samples of 10 antenatal patients
with positive family history were studied. We identified a deletion mutation in exon 49 of the dystrophin gene in a 4 yr old
boy referred with signs and symptoms suggestive of DMD using primers for exons 45, 48, 49, 43, 44, 19, 3, 8, 13 and muscle
promoter, subjected to multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and agarose/Nu-Sieve gel electrophoresis. These genetic methods
aid in prenatal diagnosis of DMD as well as confirmation of diagnosis in children with signs and symptoms suggestive of the
disease.
Work done as WHO fellow in Deptt. of Genetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. 相似文献
Blood haemoglobin, serum iron, iron binding capacity, transferrin saturation and ferritin levels were determined in two groups of mothers as well as their cords—strict vegetarians (lactovegetarians) and non-vegetarians (omnivores), closely comparable in age, weight, parity and gestation period but differing in their diet and food habits. All these parameters, except total iron binding capacity, were found to be significantly lower in vegetarian mothers and their cords as compared to nonvegetarian mothers and their cords, respectively, despite receiving supplemental iron for six months. Further, there was a greater incidence of anemia and iron deficiency in mothers consuming only vegetarian diet. Moreover, a significant correlation existed between mother's ferritin to cord ferritin confirming that maternal iron deficiency does affect neonatal iron status. All these observations suggest that strict vegetarian mothers as well as their newborns have a greater incidence and risk of anemia and iron deficiency. 相似文献
Adenosine deaminase activity (ADA) was estimated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 30 patients of tuberculous meningitis (TBM)
and 10 patients each of partially treated pyomeningitis (PTM), aseptic meningitis (AM) and pyogenic meningitis (PM). Mean
ADA levels in CSF of TBM patients were higher (18.22 U/L) as compared to 6.28 U/L, 3.43 U/L and 7.98 U/L in PTM, AM and PM
respectively. This difference of ADA values in CSF between TBM and other types of meningitis was statistically significant
(p<0.01) different. Sensitivity and specificity of ADA levels in CSF of children to diagnose tuberculous meningitis was 66.6%
and 90% respectively at 10 U/L cut off of ADA levels in CSF. ADA levels in CSF could also differentiate PTM, AM and PM from
TBM with a specificity of 90%, 100% and 80% respectively. 相似文献
The circadian rhythm of human circulating lipid components was studied under nearnormal tropical conditions in 162 healthy volunteers (103 males and 59 females; 7 to 75 years of age). They followed a diurnal activity from about 06:00 to about 22:00 and nocturnal rest. These volunteers were divided into four groups: Group A (7–20 years), Group B (21–40 years), Group C (41–60 years) and Group D (61–75 years), comprising 42, 60, 35 and 25 participants, respectively. A marked circadian rhythm was demonstrated for each studied variable in each group by population-mean cosinor analysis (almost invariably p < 0.001). Furthermore, circadian rhythm characteristics were compared among the 4 groups by parameter tests and regressed as a function of age, separately for males and females. A second-order polynomial characterized the MESOR of HDL cholesterol, phospholipids and total lipids, as well as the 24-h amplitude of total cholesterol and phospholipids. The 24-h amplitude of total lipids decreased linearly with age. The 24-h acrophase of the oldest age group (Group D) was advanced in the case of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and total lipids, whereas that of phospholipids was delayed. Mapping the circadian rhythm (an important component of the broader time structure or chronome, which includes a. o., trends with age and extra-circadian components) of lipid components is needed to explore their role in the aging process in health. 相似文献