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191.
192.
Shahrukh R. Khan 《Higher Education》1991,21(2):207-222
A recent shift in the allocation of public expenditure towards higher education prompts several questions: Is this allocation economically justified? Are these resources well utilized? Is there significant cost recovery of these expenditures? If not, who benefits from the subsidy these expenditures represent? Are there alternative means of financing higher education? This paper attempts to provide answers to these questions, which can be briefly summarized as follows: Estimates of social rates of returns do not support the reallocation of public expenditures away from primary towards higher education; low retention rates and high failure rates suggest that the internal efficiency in the utilization of these expenditures is low; currently, almost all public expenditures on higher education represent a subsidy; given the tax burden and enrollment ratios by income group, the lower income groups seem to be gaining most from these subsidies; a start has been made at private sector higher education with the opening of two professional universities, but the prospects of general universities currently opening appears to be dim. Pakistan has a well designed loan program in operation although its quantitative impact is currently limited. 相似文献
193.
This paper reports research on the effects of variations in injection velocity and permeability on the heat transfer and flow
through a highly porous medium between two horizontal parallel plates situated at constant distance with constant suction
by the upper plate. Due to this type of variation in injection velocity and in permeability the flow becomes three dimensional.
The governing equations are solved by adopting complex variable notations to obtain the expressions for the velocity and temperature
field. The skin-friction along the main flow direction and rate of heat transfer are discussed with the help of graphs. 相似文献
194.
195.
196.
Potential economies in academic staff 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
197.
Two groups of gifted adolescents solved two similar intelligence tests with differing levels of task difficulty in reverse order. Under both conditions the performance level on the less complex test was much lower, a result not observed in a control group of average intelligence. Behavioural observations revealed that the low performance of the gifted students was combined with lack of effort. This performance pattern is discussed with respect to recent postulates of achievement motivation theory, which empasize the impact not only of the achievement motive, but also of the informational value of a given task for evaluating own level of ability. It is argued that the perceived informational value of the easier test was not high enough to create an incentive for the gifted students to perform at the highest possible level 相似文献
198.
199.
Objective: To determine the effective nucleotide sites of ribozymes against HCV, and obtain a highly effective, nontoxic and
inexpensive antisense ribozyme specific for HCV. Methods: Two effective ribozymes, targeted to HCV 5’NC region and C region,
were designed and synthesized. Eukaryotic expression vectors, pSV2-gpt. CD-SR (, containing either HCRZNC or HCRZC were constructued
and transfected into MT-2 cells, which had been infected by HCV. Quantitative PCR and hydridization were used to determine
the effect of inhibition of HCV by ribozymes. Results: HCRZNC and HCRZC suppressed the replication of HCV by 54.7% and 62.1%,
respectively. Furthermore, when both ribozymes were cotransfected into cells, they suppressed replication by 78.8%. Conclusion:
Two specific antisense ribozymes have strong inhibitory effects on the replication of HCV in cultured cells, and have better
effect when used together. 相似文献
200.
N. R. Krishnaswamy 《Resonance》1996,1(2):40-46
Chemical methods to determine the conformations and absolute configurations of menthol, a cyclohexane derivative with 3 chiral centres, are described. 相似文献