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921.
Erin E. Donovan Brittani Crook Laura E. Brown Angie E. Pastorek Camille A. Hall Michael S. Mackert 《Communication monographs》2014,81(2):239-260
Effectively conveying risks and hazards in medical disclosure and informed consent documentation is a crucial type of communication. However, existing protocols typically do not meet the needs of patients or practitioners. In the present study, we advance a reconceptualization of obtaining written informed consent by analyzing it as a process of uncertainty management rather than a matter of document readability and recall. Results of this randomized trial indicated that patients who reviewed a simplified consent document reported greater comprehension of medico-legal terminology and lower uncertainty about the document, although they did not evince greater self-efficacy. Health literacy was a significant moderator of the relationship between consent form version and comprehension. 相似文献
922.
S A Al-Abood K Davids S J Bennett D Ashford M Martinez Marin 《Journal of sports sciences》2001,19(7):507-520
In the visual perception perspective of observational learning, the manipulation of relative and absolute motion information in visual demonstrations optimally directs learners' search towards appropriate task solutions. We assessed the effect of emphasizing transformational information and removal of structural information using point-light kinematic displays in approximating the model's relative motion patterns. Participants viewed computer-simulated point-light demonstrations or normal video demonstrations before and intermittently throughout 100 acquisition trials with knowledge of results on an underarm modified-dart aiming task. On the next day, all participants performed 20 retention trials without demonstrations. The kinematics of spatial and temporal coordination and control variables were examined relative to the model's action, as well as performance scores. The results indicated that approximation of the model's spatial and temporal coordination and control patterns was achieved after observation of either type of demonstrations. No differences were found in movement outcomes. In a second experiment, the effects of manipulating absolute motion information by slow-motion demonstrations were examined relative to real-time demonstrations. Real-time demonstrations led to a closer approximation to the model's spatial and temporal coordination patterns and better outcome scores, contradicting predictions that slow-motion displays convey intact relative motion information. We speculate that the effect of visual demonstration speed on action perception and reproduction is a function of task constraints--that is, novelty or familiarity of relative motion of demonstrated activities. 相似文献
923.
Sandra S. Liu 《Higher Education Quarterly》1995,49(1):4-16
British universities have always been the market leader in recruiting Hong Kong students to study overseas or to take part in learning programmes. As the transfer of Hong Kong's sovereignty to the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1997 approaches, some changes in market demands and incoming competitors have complicated the external environment of the market for higher education in Hong Kong. A major impetus for the incoming rivalry of the PRC is the recognition of qualifications obtained in PRC by the Hong Kong Government and continuing economic growth which in turn creates a tremendous demand for professional and managerial personnel in PRC. With the current sophisticated marketing practices and quality services to potential customers, this article attempts to provide information that may help British universities to discover their competitive edge in capitalizing on the experience and strengths of their higher education tradition and system. 相似文献
924.
925.
To compare the effectiveness of training in heat and in sweat clothing in cool conditions on improving heat tolerance, two groups of active subjects (n = 6 in each) performed an interval running heat-tolerance test before and after a 7-day experimental treatment. On each treatment day the subjects attempted to complete 4 x 15 min interval treadmill running periods (a 7.5 s effort every 30 s, on 15 km h-1, 15% grade; the same exercise format as the heat-tolerance test), which were interspersed with 5-min recovery periods (total time each day = 80 min). Group 1 (heat) ran in shorts, socks and shoes in hot humid conditions, and Group 2 (sweat clothing) ran in cool conditions dressed in shorts, socks and T-shirt covered by a polyester-cotton tracksuit, over which was worn 100% nylon spray-proof pants and jacket (cotton lined) with an acrylic cloth bobble hat (beanie) on the head. Both groups displayed changes typical of heat acclimatization over the 7-day period, with significant decreases in final rectal temperature (Tr) and heart rate (HR) being evident, but no change in sweat loss. Mean skin temperature (Tsk) was similar in both groups during the training sessions (heat group: 34.8-35.7 degrees C; sweat clothing group 34.9-35.5 degrees C). After the heat-tolerance test, both groups had significantly lower Tr, Tsk and HR values than before, and sweating sensitivity (g m-2 h-1 degrees C rise in Tr) was significantly increased. There was only one significant difference between the two groups (Tsk, 20th min value). It was concluded that training in sweat clothing in cool conditions can provide the same improvements in heat tolerance as training in hot humid conditions where a fixed exercise intensity and duration are used. 相似文献
926.
927.
928.
This paper examines the earnings, work patterns, and work histories of individuals employed in the field of dance using data from a survey of graduates of the Five College Dance Department. The respondents to our survey include not only those currently working in dance, but also some who never entered the profession and many others who entered but later left the field. We find that graduate education in dance, age, and prior dance experience are highly correlated with employment in the field of dance. Our findings are similar to those of other studies on artists, in showing that the returns to dance are low and that many of those employed in dance rely on non-dance jobs to supplement their dance earnings. 相似文献
929.
930.
Many scientists and coaches are interested in mechanical power produced during cycling, and use Schoberer Rad Me\technik (SRM)
bicycle power cranks to obtain this data. However, it has been expensive and difficult to calibrate SRM cranks, causing much
of the collected data to be unreliable. We present a static method, derived from first principles, for obtaining a calibration
factor for SRM cranks.
A known mass and lever arm (chainring of a known diameter) are used to apply a known torque load to the instrument in four
positions, and the output frequencies are used to calculate the calibration factor in Hz/Nm. The reproducibility of this method
is ±0.01 Hz/Nm, which is acceptable for the application of the instrument, which is measurement of mechanical power application
by cyclists at the crank.
The method is reliable, inexpensive, and easy to set up, and will allow higher confidence in data collected using SRM power
cranks. We recommend calibration of the power meter once every six months because of the measured drift of the calibration
factor over time. 相似文献